Clay, silica, or silicate

The disclosure illustrates a grinding wheel that is reinforced by a length of wire positioned on the side faces of the wheel in a spiral pattern beginning adjacent the inner diameter with successive turns progressively radially outward alongside the wheel. The wire is bonded to the wheel by an epoxy...     

The treatment of hard surfaces by impacts of fine hard granules continually bombarded against them, as for peening, brightening, texturizing, compacting, reforming and/or cleaning adhesions from plates and other articles of steel, aluminum, or hard plastics, is accomplished with extraordinary effectiveness,...     

Disclosed is a composition and method for repairing a damaged electrostatographic photoreceptor comprised of a conductive substrate with a uniform layer of selenium or a selenium alloy on its surface. Scratches in the selenium layer of a depth less than its total thickness are polished with the instant...     

An alkaline cleaning and conditioning composition for ceramic surfaces is provided in the form of an abrasive powder mixture including a surfactant, and a silicone oil absorbed in a water soluble absorbent powder.

The treatment of hard surfaces by impacts of fine hard granules continually bombarded against them, as for peening, brightening, texturizing, compacting, reforming and/or cleaning adhesions from plates and other articles of steel, aluminum, or hard plastics, is accomplished with extraordinary effectiveness,...     

The polishing of monocrystalline silicon wafers with an aqueous composition of fine sized abrasive particles, a soluble alkali metal base such a sodium carbonate and an oxidizing agent such as sodium or potassium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid (e.g., salts of halo-trizenetrione).

Toothpaste formulations having dispersed therein a plurality of agglomerated particles of dental polishing agent that are visible, palpable and substantially insoluble in the toothpaste are disclosed. The agglomerates comprise individually impalpable particles of water insoluble dental polishing agent;...     

Dentifrices containing milled alpha-alumina trihydrate which has been surface-treated with a higher fatty acid.

The application discloses abrasive finishing chips suitable for use as abrasive media in finishing processes and apparatus for the finishing of parts and workpieces, comprising abrasive grains dispersed in a matrix comprising at least 50% by weight of ground glass bonded together with a substantially...     

A process for producing precipitated silicic acid products having new and improved properties is disclosed. The silica products are produced by the simultaneous introduction of a solution of an alkali metal silicate and an acid, such as sulfuric acid, into an aqueous receiving medium which contains a...     

A method and apparatus are disclosed for wet abrasion blast cleaning of a work surface by applying a stream of carrier liquid and particulate abrasive material to the work surface. The method comprising applying the stream from a jet nozzle mixing means to said work surface as the first surface contacted...     

Semi-conductors can be polished with greater efficiency by using as a polishing agent a blend of colloidal silica or silica gel and a water-soluble amine.

A composition for polishing synthetic resin comprises a calcined alumina polishing agent and water. The polishing agent is prepared by burning boehmite, crushing it into particles and separating particles having a predetermined particle distribution. Also disclosed is a synthetic resin polishing composition...     

An adherently bonded polycrystalline diamond body is produced by forming a charge composed of a mass of diamond crystals in contact with a mass of eutectiferous silicon-rich alloy wherein the alloy is in contact or in association with hexagonal boron nitride, confining such charge within a reaction chamber,...     

Compacts are provided in which one or more single crystal diamonds, having a largest dimension of at least one millimeter, are embedded in the polycrystalline matrix which may be made of diamond; cubic boron nitride (CNB); and silicon and silicon carbide bonded diamond, CBN, or mixtures of diamond and...     

Disclosed is an improved abrasive material particularly useful as a dispersoid in metal matrices to provide articles of use having superior abrasive properties, especially at elevated temperatures. The improved abrasive material typically comprises silicon carbide particulate, the individual particles...     

Dentifrice compositions containing a hydrous silica gel having a water content of from about 20 to about 60 weight percent are disclosed. The abrasiveness of the gel is increased by contacting the gel with an alkaline medium to provide a gel pH of about 6 to about 10 and/or preparing the gel by drying...     

New and useful silica sols especially suitable for polishing semiconductor wafers are prepared by a special process involving heating a broad distribution aqueous silica sol containing larger silica particles of which at least 50% in number have a particle size of at least 40 millimicrons, the remainder...     

An abrasive disk comprising abrasive grains such as corundum, a bonding material, for example a resin, and a filler material. At least part of the filler material is active in the grinding process. Particles of this filler material are provided in the disk in the form of pellets or granules. The pellets...     

A grinding disk comprising abrasive grains such as corundum, a bonding agent such as phenolic resin, and a filler material. At least part of said filler material is an active filler, i.e. a material that acts chemically and/or physically in the grinding process. At least part of this active filler material...     

Abrasion resistant composite cutting tools comprise a particulate material selected from the group consisting of the refractory metal carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides and combinations thereof uniformly distributed in a matrix. The particulate material is of an average particle size ranging between about...     

Abrasive compositions comprising a porous, organo-modified silicic acid hropolycondensate as abrasive and one or more conventional components selected from the group of carriers, adjuvants and active substances such as pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, insecticides, bactericides, etc. The compositions...     

A rubbing compound compound concentrate suitable for dispensing as a foam from an aerosol container is made from 16 to 28 percent by weight of a soap moiety which has a soap solids of 8 to 18 percent by weight of the soap moiety, from 16 to 46 percent by weight of an adjuvant moiety of suspending agents,...     

In corundum abrasive grain which is ceramically coated with ground frit, a binder and fine grain highly abrasive material for the purpose of improving adhesion of the abrasive grain in its processing to resin-bonded abrasives and their use in wet grinding. The fine grain material forms from 1 to 5 weight...     

Cleaning agent for fire-arm barrels based on ammonia or amine compounds, in particular for the removal of abraded shot or bullet material. In order to achieve a simple and non-dangerous application and to improve storability, the ammonia or amine compound is contained in a high viscosity gel. An improved...     

In a diamond impregnated bit scourer particles in the form of silicon carbide are added to the matrix. The mesh size of the silicon carbide is less than that of diamond and the concentration preferably about 40, if the diamond concentration is 40.

Enhanced micromachining rates are observed when lapping discs with standard SiO.sub.x lapping coatings are doped with trivalent or pentavalent additives, such as boron or phosphorous. Doping can be accomplished by subjecting the SiO.sub.x material to a "post glow", i.e., an argon plasma in the presence...     

An improved method for lapping the facets on a hard material such as a diamond provides faster machining and reduced crystallographic sensitivity. The improved method uses a lapping disc coated with an abrasive slurry, which lapping disc comprises a ternary alloy of aluminum, silicon and iron, and which...     

An absorbent floor cleaning and waxing composition is disclosed comprising shreds of a hydrophilic, open-celled, solids-loaded polyurethane foam having an aqueous wax emulsion releasably incorporated therein. The composition is effective to replace soiled coatings of floor wax with fresh floor wax.

Particles of agglomerates of abrasive particles held in a porous glassy matrix are produced by mixing abrasive grits with known porous-glass forming compositions. In the resulting product the abrasive grits are held encapsulated within the thin walls of the porous body and tend to concentrate at the...     

Grinding, lapping, and polishing compounds containing an abrasive material, a thickener, and a water-soluble alkylene oxide polymer. In addition to good applications-related characteristics, said compounds have the advantage of permitting the workpieces to be cleaned with water.

A diamond abrasive body which comprises a coherent, skeletal diamond mass constituting at least 70 percent by volume of the body and a glass phase comprising up to 30 percent by volume of the body uniformly dispersed throughout the diamond mass. The glass phase has a melting point in the range 800.degree....     

In a method of removing second phase from an abrasive compact, the invention provides the improvement of forming a hole in the compact prior to or during the removal step. The compact is typically a diamond compact having a cobalt second phase. The preferred removal method is by leaching using as a leach...     

An abrasive product and process is disclosed, for grinding titanium metal and its alloy. The product used to grind the titanium consists of a grinding wheel wherein the abrasive grains are aggregates of silicon carbide particles bonded together with a refractory bond such as silicon oxynitride or a silicate...     

Cerium based glass polishing compositions, well adapted for the polishing, e.g., of optical glass, are comprised of (i) at least one crystalline phase of CeO.sub.2 type, and (ii) a crystalline phase which comprises a rare earth pyrosilicate having the formula Ln.sub.2-x Ce.sub.x Si.sub.2 O.sub.7, wherein...     

A grinding wheel comprising abrasive grains each of which is coated with a conductive material and a non-conductive binder interposed among said abrasive grains. The amount of said conductive material ranges from 30 to 80% by weight based on said abrasive grains. The abrasive grains coated with said...     

A cleaning composition which comprises a stable suspension of abrasive particles and viable microorganisms in a water solution containing a detergent.

A method for reducing the particle size of an initial silicon carbide powder to a milled powder having an average particle size of below 1 micron but greater than an average of about 0.2 micron, without grinding media contamination. The method comprises milling the larger particles in a vibratory mill...     

A method of producing a magnetic disk by lapping a magnetic disk medium, comprising the steps of: preparing a lapping tape having an abrasive particle layer provided with abrasive particle clusters and chip pockets formed between adjacent two clusters, each of said clusters having abrasive particles...     

This invention is concerned with the production of a hard, tough, thermally conductive ceramic cutting tool insert consisting essentially of a zirconia alloy in a hard refractory ceramic insert. The ceramic cutting tool insert exhibits performance conducive to use in turning operations and/or milling...     

A method for grinding silicon carbide to a submicron powder which comprises grinding a silicon carbide feed material having an average particle size of between 1 and 200 microns in a liquid slurry in a contamination free high energy autogenous attrition mill in the presence of silicon carbide media for...     

Diamond or CBN polycrystalline abrasive grit useful in tools for grinding or cutting is made by size reducing and leaching non-diamond or non-CBN material from a compact greater than 1,000 microns in diameter to provide polycrystalline abrasive grit having a size of from about 1 to about 1,000 microns...     

An abrasive tool having a working portion which includes an abrasive insert which is exposed to high temperatures during manufacture or use of the tool. Examples of such tools are dressing or turning tools and surface set or impregnated drill bits. The tools are characterized by the abrasive insert comprising...     

A composite diamond abrasive compact is produced from fine diamond particles in the conventional manner except that a thin layer of fine carbide particles is placed between the diamond particles and the cemented carbide support. The provision of the thin layer of carbide particles reduces the incidence...     

Abrasive compacts are described which comprise a support mass having abrasive masses bonded to each of the upper and lower surfaces of said support mass. Preferably, the abrasive masses are diamond or cubic boron nitride and the support mass is a sintered carbide. Bonding of the abrasive masses to the...     

Diamond or CBN polycrystalline abrasive grit useful in tools for grinding or cutting is made by size reducing and leaching non-diamond or non-CBN material from a compact to provide polycrystalline abrasive grit having a selected and having a network of inter-connected, empty pores dispersed throughout.

A method of producing a magnetic disk by lapping a magnetic disk medium, comprising the steps of: preparing a lapping tape having an abrasive particle layer provided with abrasive particle clusters and chip pockets formed between adjacent two clusters, each of said clusters having abrasive particles...     

Improved rigid grinding wheels are described which have a rigid organic matrix binding particulate diamond or cubin boron nitride abrasive uniformly dispersed therein between a plurality of spaced-apart apertures extending inwardly from the operative grinding surface of the matrix. The cross-sectional...     

A method of preparing abrasive articles exhibiting improved homogeneity and breakdown properties is disclosed. The method comprises admixing abrasive grits and a bond phase comprising silica particles, alumina, a flux and water, to form a slurry, such that the silica particles are on the average smaller...     

An abrasive product comprising abrasive grains bonded to at least one major surface of a backing sheet by a binder formed from a blend comprising radiation curable monomer and a thermally curable resinous material. The radiation curable monomer can be selected from the group consisting of isocyanurate...     

A method for grinding an oxygen sensitive ceramic material to a powder which comprises grinding an oxygen sensitive ceramic feed material having an average particle size of between 1 and 200 microns in a contamination free high energy autogenous attrition mill in non-oxidizing fluid in the presence of...     

Particulates, e.g., powders, of the rare earth borides are well suited for the effective abrasion/polishing of a variety of characteristically hard substrate face surfaces, e.g., hard ceramic surfaces.

The present invention relates to a polishing composition comprising water, .alpha.-alumina and boehmite. The addition of boehmite contributes to an improvement of the polishing performance to provide an excellent polished surface and a high polishing rate. The polishing performance can further be improved...     

Diamond compact composed of 60-95 volume % diamond crystals plastically deformed into a closely packed, rigid structure with contacts between the diamond crystals over extended mating surfaces arising from the plastic deformation. The diamond crystals are bonded together by an interstitial bonding material...     

An abrasive grain on the basis of silicon carbide with a binder-free coating of highly dispersed silicon, aluminum or titanium oxide for preferred use in resin-bonded or ceramic-bonded abrasive wheels.

A method of producing a magnetic disk by lapping a magnetic disk medium, comprising the steps of: preparing a lapping tape having an abrasive particle layer provided with abrasive particle clusters and chip pockets formed between adjacent two clusters, each of said clusters having abrasive particles...     

A coated densified ceramic cutting tool has a granular phase of silicon nitride, silicon aluminum oxynitride, and a reaction formed submicron refractory metal nitride uniformly distributed in a matrix of a suitable densification aid with a coating comprising an interfacial layer of titanium nitride followed...     

Abrasive article using sintered sol-gel abrasive particles mixed with other particles having greater friability, and carried in a bond.

An erodable abrasive granule comprising a plurality of first abrasive grains bonded together by a first binder to form an erodable base agglomerate and at least a partial coating of second abrasive grains bonded to the periphery of the base agglomerate by means of a second binder. These abrasive granules...     

The strength and water resistance of the binding of abrasive grain on the basis of corundum or silicon carbide into synthetic resin bonded abrasive agents is improved by a surface treatment with microdispersed hydrophobic silicon dioxide.

A composite material is formed of a carrier having a cellular structure and diamonds or other hard, abrasive particles received within the cellular structure. A matrix material holds the diamonds in the carrier, and the matrix material may be the carrier itself or an additional substance such as a metal...     

An improved abrasive product such as a grinding wheel is disclosed. The abrasive product contains an active filler mixture of tin, FeS.sub.2, and K.sub.2 SO.sub.4, which mixture improves the grinding quality and versatility of the abrasive product.

The invention relates to a system and apparatus and a method for finishing and polishing a dental composite restorative material in a tooth. The system of the invention uses an elastomeric polymer disc which is impregnated with an abrasive for reducing of the composite, and a felt, suede, or elastomeric...     

The invention relates to grinding tools, particularly to grinding wheels having an annular band of abrasive material at their periphery and provides an improved method of manufacture. A mixture of abrasive material, temporary binder and ceramic bond is heated to paste-like consistency and then coated...     

Abrasive wheel using sol gel alumina particles and silicon carbide abrasive particles in a high elastic modulus bond containing an inorganic filler.

Multigrain abrasive particles and articles made therefrom are provided wherein the particles comprise fine granules of cubic boron nitride or diamond bound by a sintered matrix of one or more layers of active coating material that is chemically bonded to the underlying surface. These particles are obtained...     

Abrasive article using sintered sol-gel abrasive particles mixed with other particles having greater friability, and carried in a bond.

An abrasive article comprises abrasive particles bonded to microporous material wherein the microporous material comprises (a) a matrix consisting essentially of thermoplastic organic polymer, (b) a large proportion of finely divided water-insoluble siliceous filler, and (c) a large void volume.

A method of producing a magnetic disk by lapping a magnetic disk medium, comprising the steps of: preparing a lapping tape having an abrasive particle layer provided with abrasive particle clusters and chip pockets formed between adjacent two clusters, each of said clusters having abrasive particles...     

The toothpaste for preventative oral hygiene contains a mixture of synthetically prepared precipitated silicic acid and perlite in addition to a solvent as cleaning body. A mixture consisting of glycerol (86%) and water is used as solvent.

A grinding body having a matrix comprising a binding agent (1), abrasive grain (2) and filling materials. The matrix which is of a Shore hardness of between D 35 to D 95, preferably D 70 to D 80, is provided with filling means comprising porous conglomerates (3).

A method of manufacture of a durable abrasive sheet which includes a perforated metal sheet of woven metal mesh or the like having abrasive grit brazedly attached, imbedded in a backing substrate. The method includes the steps of coating a perforated metal substrate with a mixture of an infiltrant and...     

An abrasive tape comprises a flexible substrate and an abrasive layer, which is overlaid on the flexible substrate and which is primarily constituted of abrasive grains and a binder. The abrasive grains are composed of first abrasive grains and second abrasive grains. The first abrasive grains and the...     

A method of cleaning and polishing a variety of porous and non-porous materials including porcelains, plastics, marble, glass, and finished wood. The polishing compound is comprised of an abrasive powder, an hydroflouric acid, and an organic solvent. The polishing compound is applied with a cloth and...     

A semiconductor wafer polishing slurry that does not contaminate a wafer processing area utilizes an aqueous organic base to suspend the slurry's fine abrasive particles. The organic base has large cations (13,16,19) that do not diffuse into semiconductor wafers. Therefore ionic contamination from the...     

An open low density abrasive article adapted for the cleaning of aluminum or similar surfaces comprising a lofty open non-woven three dimensional web form of a plurality of interlaced randomly extending flexible durable, tough, resilient organic fibers said web fibers being firmly adhesively bonded together...     

A method of making an abrasive product involves crushing a diamond abrasive compact, typically a thermally stable diamond abrasive compact, and then re-constituting the fragments so produced under diamond synthesis conditions.

A pad for planarization by mechanical polishing of a dielectric layer formed over features on a wafer in the manufacture of semiconductor devices has a substantially planar polishing face. The pad includes a soft matrix material and a substance for stiffening distributed in the pad so as to effect stiffening...     

Novel precipitated silicon dioxide abrasive compositions which can be incorporated into therapeutic toothpaste compositions containing soluble fluoride salts are disclosed. The abrasives comprise low structure, high fluoride compatible amorphous precipitated silicon dioxides (silicas) having a controlled...     

A mechanochemical polishing abrasive and a process for using the mechanochemical polishing abrasive to polish the surface of a hardened workpiece cheaply and efficiently. The mechanochemical polishing abrasive comprises a slurry of colloidal silica and a mechanical abrasive selected from one or more...     

This invention is directed to the formation of glass bonded ceramic composite articles, with particular emphasis on forming abrasive products such as grinding wheels. The glasses consist essentially, in weight percent of 15-35% CaO, 35-55% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 10-35% SiO.sub.2, with alumina comprising...     

A granular abrasive material is produced from a dispersion consisting of raw materials containing alumina, compounds containing silica and other additives. The dispersion is ground to a sinterable slip with a grain size of less than 1 micrometer. The slip is dried and may be pressed before being subjected...     

A method for blast cleaning metal and fixing the hazardous waste generated by blast cleaning. An abrasive cement in a sufficient amount is combined with the blast cleaning process, thereby reducing the leachability of the heavy metals and producing non-hazardous abrasive waste.

The dental care and cleaning composition is a water-free paste containing at least 40% by weight of perlite as a sole and combined cleaning and polishing body, a stabilizer for the perlite in the sense of a controlled particle disintegration during use, a wettening agent for the perlite and at least...     

Novel silica particulates especially adapted for formulation to dentifrice compositions exhibit unique physical and chemical properties. In one embodiment, silica particulates have a unique surface chemistry as to be at least 50% compatible with zinc values, and have a number of OH functions, expressed...     

A blast media for stripping coatings or other contaminants from a solid surface comprises water soluble abrasive particles and a rinse aid which reduces the amount of water soluble residues of blast media remaining on the targeted surface and which enables any residues which remain to be readily removed...     

An abrasive tape comprises a flexible substrate and an abrasive layer, which is overlaid on the flexible substrate and contains abrasive grains and a binder. The abrasive grains comprise first abrasive grains, which have a mean grain diameter falling within the range of 0.07 .mu.m to 0.40 .mu.m and a...     

A dicing blade is formed by plating a composition of diamond particles and silicon carbide whiskers suspended in a nickel solution upon an aluminum hub. To obtain bonding rather than capturing of the diamond particles, nickel coated diamond particles may be used to form an inter-metallic bond between...     

Abrasive tools are described which comprise abrasive grits held in a glass-ceramic bond in which at least 75% of the bond material is in bond posts or in coatings on individual grains.

Novel slurries for the chemical mechanical polishing of thin films used in integrated circuit manufacturing. A tungsten slurry of the present invention comprises an oxidizing agent, such as potassium ferricyanide, an abrasive such as silica, and has a pH between two and four. The tungsten slurry of the...     

A final polishing composition for polishing a silicon wafer used as a substrate crystal in electrical integrated circuits comprises water, colloidal silica, a water-soluble polymeric compound, and a water-soluble salt.

A blast media for stripping contaminants from a solid surface comprises abrasive particles and a surfactant in the form of a granular surfactant-clathrate compound formed of a surfactant and a water soluble compound having clathration capability such as urea. The surfactant reduces the amount of water...     

Disclosed is a process for preparing activated compositions and the compositions derived therefrom which are suitable for polishing surfaces, particularly integrated circuits, wherein a base abrasive is activated by addition of a second cation whose oxide exhibits a higher polishing rate than the base...     

A method for blast cleaning metal and fixing the hazardous waste generated by blast cleaning. An abrasive cement in a sufficient amount is combined with the blast cleaning process, thereby reducing the leachability of the heavy metals and producing non-hazardous abrasive waste.

A method for manufacturing abrasive tumbling media comprising discrete abrasive particles having a preselected size and shape made by firing a formed mixture primarily comprising a particulate ceramic material, which method comprises adding at least 10% of hollow ceramic microspheres to said mixture...     

A polishing compound for plastic surfaces. The compound contains by weight approximately 4 to 17 parts at least one petroleum distillate lubricant, 1 to 6 parts mineral spirits, 2.5 to 15 parts abrasive particles, and 2.5 to 10 parts water. The abrasive is tripoli or a similar material that contains...     

Magnesium oxychloride cement bonds are improved by incorporation of graphite. The graphite not only contributes to cooler dry grinding with abrasive tools based on the magnesium oxychloride bond, but unexpectedly also improves heat strength of the bond.

Improved hot-pressed vitrified bodies are described, which comprise an abrasive material, a vitreous bond; and at least one extender agent. The extender agent may be formed of hollow ceramic bodies such as glass or mullite spheres, alone or in combination with a non-reactive material such as graphite....     

Disclosed is a process for preparing activated compositions and the compositions derived therefrom which are suitable for polishing surfaces, particularly integrated circuits, wherein a base abrasive is activated by addition of a second cation whose oxide exhibits a higher polishing rate than the base...     

Novel slurries for the chemical mechanical polishing of thin films used in integrated circuit manufacturing. A tungsten slurry of the present invention comprises an oxidizing agent, such as potassium ferricyanide, an abrasive such as silica, and has a pH between two and four. The tungsten slurry of the...