Including cryostat

A device providing gas-powered logic responsive to a sensor such as a gas discharging type level probe and actuating valving controlling flow of liquid to be dispensed; and adapted to valving either for a volatile, especially cryogenic liquid utilizing the liquid's vapor pressure from a free gas space...     

Improved system for mounting an aluminum cryogenic liquid holding tank within and integrating such tank to an outer ferrous metal envelope or hull structure wherein improved composite aluminum-ferrous metal transition insert elements are employed to interconnect the exterior surfaces of the aluminum...     

Apparatus for detecting the presence of extraneous matter and/or cracks in translucent containers and in particular translucent containers when the colour density and/or wall thickness of the translucent containers vary significantly from container to container which includes a vertical spot beam of...     

A vacuum-tight coat of the cryostat encloses a thermally insulated vessel, intended to keep cryogenic products, so that between the surfaces of said elements there is a heat-insulating cavity from which air is evacuated. In order to build up vacuum in the cavity a vacuum valve on the vacuum-tight coat...     

Apparatus for delivering cryogenic liquid to a heat exchanger wherein said liquid is vaporized for its cooling effect comprising a return conduit for conveying from a heat exchanger to a separator vessel spent fluid including some vapor, the return conduit discharging at its upper end into the portion...     

Large-scale cryogenic tanks such as for L.N.G. are supported on spaced-apart wooden bearer members which are part of the outer insulation. The weight of the loaded tank causes the floor of the tank to deflect on each side of the bearer members so that the loading increases to a degree that sometimes...     

In a cryogenic cooler, wherein a fluid under pressure is transmitted through an expansion orifice in a nozzle into an expansion chamber at a rate which is controlled by the movement of a needle valve in the expansion chamber, an expander member extends from the nozzle and carries the needle valve. The...     

Cryogenic vessels having improved insulation value are prepared by incorporating evacuated tubing within the insulation.

The present invention provides an apparatus for phase separating a gas-liquid mixture as might exist in a sub-critical cryogenic helium vessel for cooling a superconducting magnet at low gravity such as in planetary orbit, permitting conservation of the liquid and extended service life of the superconducting...     

A cryogenic refrigeration system is disclosed for being detachably mounted on a shipping container to provide in-transit refrigeration of the containerized cargo.

A self-contained detachable refrigeration unit is disclosed for use in a cargo-carrying container having at least one porthole therein. Refrigeration units are well known for keeping cargos at low temperatures. In many cases such units rely on outside power. Alternatively, they include an internal combustion...     

A control system for a refrigeration unit incorporating a pressurized liquid gas reservoir is disclosed. The control system is self-contained and suitable for use in the transportation of food in containers. The improvement of the present system is that it avoids overshoot problems in feeding liquid...     

A system for CO.sub.2 cooling of the cargo compartment of a refrigerated vehicle. A vessel carried by the vehicle holds liquid CO.sub.2 at pressure preferably not greater than about 125 psia. Liquid CO.sub.2 is supplied to first heat-exchanger where it is vaporized and warmed a predetermined amount while...     

A cryogenic spray dispensing assembly having a longitudinally movable fluid conduit, thrust member means and compression exerting means positioned against the fluid conduit for upward urging of the thrust member against the product container ceiling.

A closed loop apparatus for spraying coolant against the back of a radiation target. The coolant is circulated through a closed loop with a bubble of inert gas being maintained around the spray. Mesh material is disposed between the bubble and the surface of the liquid coolant which is below the bubble...     

An apparatus, method and valve for refrigerating articles with a liquid cryogen that is liquid at low temperatures and converts to a solid and then to a gas at a critical and decreasing pressure. The cryogen is introduced to the refrigerating apparatus through a pipe in which is one or more valves having...     

An expendable refrigeration system is disclosed for use with an insulated storage compartment. The system utilizes a concept of the liquid coolant storage reservoir being kept at a cold temperature and withdrawing heat from a storage compartment. The pressurized uninsulated liquid carbon dioxide storage...     

A closed loop apparatus for spraying coolant against the back of a radiation target. The coolant is circulated through a closed loop with a bubble of inert gas being maintained around the spray. Mesh material is disposed between the bubble and the surface of the liquid coolant which is below the bubble...     

A cargo compartment of a refrigerated vehicle is cooled by a cryogen, such as carbon dioxide. A storage tank carried by the vehicle is filled with CO.sub.2 slush. Liquid CO.sub.2 is separated from solid CO.sub.2 and supplied to a heat-exchanger where it is vaporized and the vapor is warmed by heat transfer...     

The invention provides an elastic interface between a cooler dewar and an electronic cold finger which utilizes multitudinous conduction paths consisting of specialized bent fibers.

An assembly for transferring heat at cryogenic temperatures across an interface space between a relatively fixed refrigerated cold finger and a relatively movable Dewar vacuum flask having an infrared detector array mounted therein. The interface assembly is formed of two opposing thermal conducting...     

A device for supplying coolant to a cryostat has a container containing liquified gas. An insulated first tube supplies coolant gas from the container to the cryostat. An end part of this tube is located inside the container and is bent into a U-shape so that the bend is immersed in the liquified gas,...     

Sensitive testing transducers are mounted to an internally threaded cap. A split-ring sleeve having external threads is positioned around the cold tip of a cryogenic refrigerator. An internal flange on the sleeve abuts a shoulder on the cold tip to hold the sleeve on the cold tip while permitting rotation...     

A cryogenic surgical apparatus using a Sterling-cycle refrigerator connected by elongate flexible conduits to a cryosurgical device having an operating probe. The refrigerator includes a compressor having first and second cylinders with pistons positioned therein. The cryosurgical device includes a housing...     

An apparatus for an immersion cooled superconductor including a cryostat which comprises an envelope provided with a heat insulating member; a first low temperature liquid received in the envelope; an interior vessel made of good heat conducting material and received in the envelope in a state immersed...     

An improved cryostat for use in a low or a substantially gravity-free environment adapted to cool an experiment through the use of helium II, or helium in its super fluid state. The cryostat is characterized by a plurality of interchangeable daughter dewars and helium supply or mother dewar having connected...     

An internally piloted shut-off valve for use with cryogenic fluids incorporates a short valve housing with normally closed valve closure means incorporated therein and fluid passages with ports for fluid flow therethrough including an elongated extended stem protruding therefrom on top of which a solenoid...     

A cryogenic apparatus cools an object to, and maintains it at, very low terature and is of the kind in which a refrigerating medium comprising superfluid helium II is evaporated from a supply container into an evacuable exhaust system through a throttle element. Such element includes a valve comprising...     

An ejector is used in place of a compressor with moving parts in the refrigeration apparatus. The ejector has an intake side connected to the gas space of a liquefied gas tank, a propellant jet input connected to a delivery side of the compressor to receive a high pressure flow of gas and a delivery...     

An arrangement for storing cryogenic liquid comprises a Dewar-flask-like vessel. The vessel is filled completely with a material able to absorb a cryogenic substance when said substance is in liquid form but only capable of absorbing said substance to a limited extent when said substance is in gas form....     

A cryostat including a source of refrigeration disposed within an evacuated chamber containing a reservoir of liquified cryogen wherein refrigeration is directed to heat stations disposed in the access means to the reservoir to intercept heat leak into said reservoir and to recondense cryogen boil-off...     

Cryotherapy apparatus for effecting localised cooling of body tissue comprises an intensively cooled hollow probe extending from a handle. Cooling of the probe is effected by refrigerant passed through a capillary tube in the probe to expand and evaporate in a chamber near the probe tip. Passages in...     

Closed heat transfer system including a body of water in a first container, a body of aluminum compound in a second container and a conduit connecting the containers, the system being operative in a first step to evaporate water from the first container to cool it by withdrawing heat of vaporization...     

A borehole logging tool and cryostat therefor to maintain a semiconductor detector at cryogenic temperatures. The cryostat has an elongate single-phase heat sink of solid, thermally conductive material on which the detector is removably mounted. The other end of the heat sink is arranged to receive a...     

A borehole logging tool and cryostat therefor to maintain a semiconductor detector at cryogenic temperatures. The cryostat has an elongate single-phase heat sink of solid, thermally conductive material on which the detector is removably mounted. The other end of the heat sink is arranged to receive a...     

The present invention relates to a device for the cryogenic storing of products. In a tank, canisters are suspended via rods, and these rods rest on the rim of the tank via retaining heads. The invention is applicable to the cryogenic storage of seeds, semen, vegetable substances, etc.

A cryogenic cooler, e.g. for medical specimen or other samples or materials to be brought to temperatures below 0.degree. C., comprises a stable and precise cryogenic device in which a liquefied gas is continuously vaporized in the absence of a free surface of a bath of the liquid, the vessel being a...     

A borehole logging tool and cryostat therefor to maintain a semiconductor detector at cryogenic temperatures. The cryostat has an elongate single-phase heat sink of solid, thermally conductive material on which the detector is removably mounted. The other end of the heat sink is arranged to receive a...     

An electron discharge tube evaporation cooling system in which part of a tube to be cooled is immersed in coolant in a boiler (15), the cooling system further comprising a condenser (18) for vapor generated in the boiler (15), and a coolant reservoir (11). The flow of vapor from the boiler (15) to the...     

The invention relates to a thermal coupling assembly between the cold fin of a cryogenic cooler and a dewar enclosed detector for use at infrared and far infrared frequencies. The coupling provides excellent thermal coupling without solid or even liquid contact between the cold finger and the detector,...     

A tensile support member is provided for use in a cryogenic environment. The member is in the form of a link formed of an epoxy glass laminate with at least one ply of the laminate having its fibers aligned circumferentially about the link.

A gas recovery method and apparatus for the recovery and storage of a gas from a gas enclosure or circuit particularly for the recovery of sulphur hexafluoride (SF.sub.6) from the arc chamber of a high voltage/current circuit breaker. A gas bottle is connected via quick connect coupling and a non-return...     

This invention relates to the freezing of biological tissues in a rapid manner in order to prevent the formation of ice crystals in tissue surface layers. The apparatus consists of a reservoir containing a liquid quenchant near its melting temperature, a jet nozzle for delivery of the liquid, and a means...     

A heating and cooling apparatus capable of cyclic heating and cooling of a test specimen undergoing fatigue testing. Cryogenic fluid is passed through a block 10 clamped to the specimen 11 to cool the block and the specimen. Heating cartridges 13 penetrate the block 10 to heat the block and the specimen...     

A mechanically assisted evaporator layer for use in both open and evacuated heat transfer systems, in which a pump and spray nozzle operate in conjunction with a sintered metal evaporator layer to reduce the temperature difference required to transfer heat across the thickness of the surface and to permit...     

A Malone-type final stage for utilization in a Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler apparatus includes a displacer slidable within a vessel. .sup.4 He, .sup.3 He, or a mixture thereof is made to flow in a pulsating unidirectional manner through a regenerator in the displacer by utilization of check valves...     

Apparatus and method for dispensing a jet of cryogenic coolant selectively in single gaseous phase and in dual gaseous and finely divided liquid phase from a self-pressurizing source of heat saturated liquid coolant. The coolant is stored under constant pressure and in a heat-saturated condition and,...     

Cooling of electronic components, positioned downhole in a high temperature environment in a deep well, is achieved by a thermoelectric cooling system within a long vacuum insulated dewar flask which encompasses the electronic components and the cooling system. The electronic components are directly...     

A multilayer miniature low temperature refrigerator wherein a cooling chamber for a device to be continuously cooled is connected to an input and an output by micron sized channels or like passages in respective different interfaces of a laminate of glass or like plates.

The temperature of a biological specimen or other object may be controlled by supporting the object within a vessel containing a liquid cryogen above the liquid cryogen level and varying the vertical spacing between the object and the liquid cryogen level. The vessel is provided with vertically continuous...     

A microminiature cryogenic device for cooling in the milliwatt range includes a miniature refrigerator in which micron-sized fluid passages are defined in one or more internal surfaces of a laminate of glass or similar low thermal conductivity members by means of lithographic, etching or particle blasting...     

A cold station thermal switch at the end of a cold finger in cooperation h the detector on an inner dewar wherein the thermal switch opens at the cool down cryogenic temperature to prevent vibrations from the cooler system from being transmitted to the detector. The thermal switch has an outer bellows...     

A cryogenic dewar includes openings at the top and bottom of the cryogenic fluid container. A valve is provided at the bottom of the container to control the flow of cryogenic fluid into and out of the container. The valve includes a valve body forming at least one passageway from the container to the...     

The two preferred and illustrated embodiments set forth downhole tool cooling systems. In a downhole oil well tool exposed to extremely high working temperatures, a cooling system is provided for the printed circuit boards and various electronic components thereon. In one embodiment, the cooling system...     

A refrigerator cryostat for producing high vacuums at controlled temperatures in a sample chamber has first and second refrigerator stages for progressively lowering the refrigerator temperature to the sample chamber. An independent heater heats the sample chamber to provide, in combination with the...     

The invention relates to a thermal coupling assembly between the cold fin of a cryogenic cooler and a dewar enclosed detector for use at infrared and far infrared frequencies. The coupling provides excellent thermal coupling without solid or even liquid contact between the cold finger and the detector,...     

In order to use a common module cryogenic cooler with two different types thermal nights, an adapter plate is required for mounting the cooler to the sights. The plate has its two opposite sides differently machined to fit against the walls of corresponding sights, and has a central opening for a cooler...     

A split type cryogenic cooling apparatus comprising a refrigerator which permits a working gas of a high pressure and an operating temperature to generate cold heat, a cryostat accommodating a vessel containing liquefied fraction of the working gas together with an object to be cooled and a plurality...     

A three-way heat pipe configured in a generally Y-shape having a condenser-evaporator or heat-sink end, an evaporator arm and a condenser arm. In addition to conventional internal pumping the heat pipe is mechanically pumped externally from the heat-sink end to the evaporator arm. Heat transfer can take...     

A cryostat comprises an inner tank to be contacted with a cryogenic fluid and an outer tank surrounding the inner tank. The inner tank is formed of fiber-glass reinforced vinyl polyester resin.

An infra-red radiation detector comprises an envelope in the form of a dewar (1,2) in which a vacuum space (12) is present between an outer wall (2) and inner wall (1) cooled by a cooling element (20). Gas molecules are gettered from the vacuum space (12) by at least one shaped molecular-sorbent porous...     

A freezing device for biological products comprises an impeller arranged at the top of a sleeve located above a basin of liquid nitrogen. The impeller causes a rising flow of nitrogen vapors within the sleeve and a descending flow outside it, the impeller and sleeve being arranged within a casing. When...     

A small size e.g. 12 mm diameter by 40 mm long cryostatic device with photodetectors. A hollow finger having the photodetectors at one end is adapted to be brought to a very low temperature by a cold fluid circulating in the finger. A wall or housing surrounds finger and provides a vaccuum space surrounding...     

A heat exchanger for cryosurgical instruments comprises a mantle containing individual layers of a heat exchange substance, such as a heat exchange material or a heat exchange filler, an outer jacket surrounding the mantle, a contact zone within the outer jacket for receiving cooling fluid, and a heat...     

A miniature, nonevacuated, detector refrigerator assembly for use in infrared imaging systems is described. The assembly incorporates a miniature Joule-Thomson laminar refrigerator which serves as the substrate for the detector subassembly, electrical leads, as well as the primary structural element...     

A multilayer miniature low temperature rapid cooldown refrigerator in which a central cooling chamber for a device to be continuously cooled is connected to input and output refrigerant lines by micron sized channels formed in interfaces of glass or like plates, the channels including a counterflow heat...     

A system for transferring heat from a first (inner) surface through a second (outer) surface. The system includes at least two adjacent porous and thermally conductive layers between the first surface and the second surface. The innermost layer is characterized by a relatively high porosity and the outermost...     

A single-stage cryogenic tank support system is disclosed having a large-radius support tube surrounding an internal storage tank, both of which are enclosed by an external shell. The attachment tube is secured to the internal storage tank and external shell by cold and hot support rings, respectively,...     

This interface permits the testing of high speed semiconductor devices (room-temperature chips) by a Josephson junction sampling device (cryogenic chip) without intolerable loss of resolution. The interface comprises a quartz pass-through plug which includes a planar transmission line interconnecting...     

Resolution and sensitivity of photoconducting light sensitive devices vary nversely with temperature. Hence it is desirable to provide cooling means for photoconductive radiation detectors. One type of low temperature photoconductor is fabricated by placing the photomultiplier tube in a double-walled...     

A cryostat including a horizontal hollow space section of room temperature in which a liquid helium vessel is supported by a plurality of support structures each having a multiple cylinder of small thickness and a liquid nitrogen vessel is supported by a plurality of tension rods.

In a cryostat composed of a first liquefied gas reservoir containing therein a first liquefied gas, a second liquefied gas reservoir containing therein a second liquefied gas, which has a boiling point higher than that of the first liquefied gas, the second liquefied gas reservoir being provided around...     

Penetration tubes extending between inner and outer walls of a cryostat necessarily comprise thin walled structures to minimize thermal conduction. However, in cryostat structures in which the inner vessel is capable of undergoing the relative motion with respect to the outer vessel, particularly during...     

A plug for a horizontal cryostat penetration comprises a plurality of nested housings with thermal insulation disposed between the housings. Each housing has a tubular extension which is heat stationable to portions of the cryostat penetration, the more inner the housing, the colder being the portion...     

A cryogenic system adapted to trap or pump waste industrial gasses and characterized by a cryogenic assembly having a cryogenically cooled member sealed within an inner enclosure, a thermal switch assembly for injecting and removing gas from within the inner enclosure, and a flush assembly for removing...     

A cold insulation vessel comprises an inner chamber in which cryogen is enclosed, an outer chamber to enclose this inner chamber and a shield member against heat radiation which is provided between the inner chamber and the outer chamber. This vessel is provided to hold a superconducting coil which is...     

Cryogenic-fixation apparatus comprises a light source, a beam from which enter cooling liquid in a bath, through a window in the underside of the bath. The beam can be directed upwardly by means of a reflecting prism. When a lid of the bath is closed, the beam leaves the space defined by the path through...     

The leads for an infrared detector unit are arranged to pass through bores in a cooled detector housing with intimate contact with the cooled detector housing for precooling the leads extending from the detector elements to the respective preamp leads.

A cooled infrared detector post includes a detector post formed of a stack of wafer disks with a detector substrate wafer forming one end of the post and a cooling chamber adjacent to the detector substrate with coolant supply and return passages formed in the series of wafers with a supply passage contained...     

A refrigeration apparatus having an ejector operatively connected with a cold compressor to form a two-stage pumping system. This pumping system is used to lower the pressure, and thereby the temperature of a bath of boiling refrigerant (helium). The apparatus as thus arranged and operated has substantially...     

A device for immersing a specimen into a cryogenic cooling liquid comprising an injector for carrying a specimen, means for accelerating the injector to a predetermined velocity vertically into the liquid, and means for rotating the injector, before the vertical movement ends, or at the moment it ends,...     

A waveguide phase conjugate mirror for high power radiation at 10.6 .mu.m. The phase conjugate mirror comprises an optical waveguide of liquid nitrogen clad by gaseous nitrogen. The waveguide is maintained in a porous tube which allows the gaseous nitrogen to escape through the walls. The tube is also...     

Three tanks containing cryogenic fluid coolant are mounted inside the insulated compartment of a refrigeration container. A control system releases coolant into the compartment responsive to changes in the compartment temperature relative to maximum and minimum temperatures. When the compartment temperature...     

A portable compact liquified gas refrigeration system and apparatus comprising a freezer housing, a liquid delivery system, a liner and a tray means. The freezer housing is constructed for being relatively light weight and having an interior cavity, a sloped door opening, rear venting ports, and a bottom...     

In a breathing apparatus of the closed circuit type wherein breathable air is recirculated with the removal of carbon dioxide and the replenishment of oxygen, the breathable air is cooled by causing it to flow through a conduit in heat exchange relationship with a reservoir containing a liquid refrigerant...     

A cryostat current lead design uses a relatively high (i.e., at room temperature) thermal and electrical conductiveity first tube at its top to minimize joule heating. A relatively low thermal and electrical conductivity second tube is disposed below the first tube and thermally insulates the current...     

A condenser including a condenser chamber having an extension portion extending through the base of a refrigerant storage vessel. The length of the conduction path along this portion is variable. This may be performed by partial retraction of the extension from the vessel, or by inclusion of one or more...     

A microminiature refrigerator or cryocooler which comprises three flat rectangular plates forming a laminate assembly. Passages are formed as opposed channels in the outer plates for routing refrigerant to and from a refrigerator chamber. The intermediate plate comprises a plurality of hollow spherical...     

A training device is provided to test the skill of a worker assembling cors with cold fingers to dewars containing infrared detectors. The latter are very expensive and fragile. Dummy units are employed and undesirable contacts between these units are recorded electrically.

Retractable cryogenic leads for superconducting magnets are provide for making low resistance contacts at liquid helium temperature reliably in the presence of heavy frost. A tube defining a bayonet socket on one end extends through a vertical stack cover of a cryostat insert to engage and disengage...     

A method of liquefying a permanent gas stream includes the step of reducing the temperature of the permanent gas stream at elevated pressure to below its critical temperature. The reduction in temperature is effected at least in part by countercurrent heat exchange with work expanded working fluid, at...     

A method of liquefying a permanent gas stream, includes the steps of reducing the temperature of the permanent gas stream at elevated pressure to below its critical pressure and performing at least two working fluid cycles to provide at least part of the refrigeration necessary to reduce the temperature...     

A cryogenic cell comprises a sealed external annular chamber, adapted to be maintained under vacuum which chamber surrounds a heat shield. A section of the shield is exposed and is adapted to make contact with a closed cycle cooler. The shield encloses a sealed inner chamber adapted for the storage of...     

An apparatus and method for controlling the venting of vapor from a vessel utilizes a differential vapor pressure detection means to measure the difference between vapor pressure in the vessel and the vapor pressure associated with a reference sample which is exposed to the temperature conditions within...     

According to the present invention, improved cryogenic magnet systems for use in MRI devices are provided. These systems comprise an electromagnet immersed in a first tank containing a first liquefied gas. The first tank is located in an evacuated container that is evacuated to a high vacuum. A refrigerating...     

A cryogenic apparatus comprises a refrigerant vessel containing a superconducting magnet and a refrigerant, a vacuum casing containing the vessel, a radiation shield disposed between the vessel and the casing such as to enclose the vessel, a refrigerator for cooling at least one of the shield and the...     

The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for reducing temperature variation in an infrared detector. The apparatus comprises a coldfinger for receiving thermal energy from an infrared detector. A thermal damper is also provided for conducting thermal energy from said detector to the...     

A controllable helium-II phase separator utilizes the cut-off action of the thermomechanical effect if superfluid helium-II flows through a capillary gap-shaped canal. For controlling the throughput, the gap width of the canal is varied by changing the distance between two opposite canal walls at least...     

A cryogenic support member is comprised of a non-metallic rod having a depression in at least one end and a metallic end connection assembled to the rod. The metallic end connection comprises a metallic plug which conforms to the shape and is disposed in the depression and a metallic sleeve is disposed...     

A high gradient magnet is disclosed having a coil of superconducting material immersed in liquid helium in a toroidal shaped liquid helium vessel, supported in axial spaced concentric relation to a toroidal shaped liquid nitrogen vessel which forms one end of a toroidal heat shield made of high heat...