Detector detail

A device for measuring the presence or time-average amounts of at least one selected gas in a mixture thereof which comprises an enclosure having therewithin at least one substance which interacts with the gas to be monitored. Attenuating means associated with the enclosure regulate gas movement within...     

A gas sensor comprising as a gas sensible material a spinel-type ferrite represented by the general formula AFe.sub.2 O.sub.4 in which A stands for at least one member selected from the group consisting of Li, Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb is provided. In many cases, a catalyzer or a recovering agent...     

Gas detecting sensor made of SnO.sub.2 characterized by containing less than 5% by weight of at least one of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZnO, SrO and BaO and less than 1% by weight of chlorine. The gas detecting sensor has a high sensitivity selectively to carbon monoxide but has a low sensitivity to hydrocarbon...     

A catalytic combustion-type, gas sensing, resistive element and the method of making it by forming an electrical conductor, whose electrical resistance varies with temperature, into a helical coil, coating the coil with a refractory material whose coating matures at a temperature in the range of 1200.degree.C...     

Apparatus and methods are disclosed for detecting a particular gas occurring at any point along a path through a given environment. A tubing having a wall through which the particular gas readily permeates is provided for placement along the path of interest. This tubing is structured so that the particular...     

This invention relates to an element which can detect selectively carbon monoxide from other reducing gases contained in air. The element has a sensitive response to carbon monoxide at a comparatively low temperature and not to other reducing gases. The element has a composition comprising stannic oxide...     

A hydrogen probe system measuring hydrogen gas produced in the corrosion of steel, both in volume and rate, with a relatively simple construction, rapid installation at any location and trouble-free operation for extended periods of time without supervision. The probe system has a ferrous metal body...     

A sensor element for detecting smoke and/or reducing gases, which comprises a shaped body formed from a material consisting essentially of: A. a complex metal oxide having a perovskite type crystal structure and represented by the general formula ABO.sub.3-.delta. wherein A is at least one element selected...     

A gas detector for sensing the presence of a gaseous medium consisting of a helical coil for connection to a dc power source for generating both an electromagnetic field and radiant heat. The coil is wrapped around a tubular sleeve constructed of a sensing material, such as a semiconductor, and disposed...     

There is disclosed a circuit which supplements a bridge-type detector circuit in order to minimize non-linearities resulting in measurements of thermal conductivity by such type bridges. An auxiliary voltage source is described which has an adjustable output voltage which is servoed to follow the output...     

A portable explosion-proof gas detection device, comprises a housing which defines an interior flameproof motor chamber with an electric motor in the chamber having a pump drive shaft which extends outwardly into a pump chamber having a rotor connected to the electric motor shaft. The rotor engages a...     

A scuff-resistant, waterproof environmental quality indicator suitable for field use to blot-test unknown spills or wet containers, as field markers of spray distribution, as floating markers of water contamination, as personnel protection badges and as integrating dosimeters. The environmental quality...     

A sample containing reactive component is preconditioned in a sample conditioner in a manner which precludes reactions therein and passed to an analyzer through a conduit located in a passageway maintained at a desired temperature by heat exchange with hot air. After the analysis is completed, the sample...     

A sensing apparatus and method, for sensing liquids, vapors and gases, which includes a detection device constructed in accordance with the disclosures contained in U.S. Pat. No. 3,045,198, issued July 17, 1962, to Dolan et al. When the detection device is operated in a current saturated condition it...     

In a gas component sensing apparatus a pair of thin film electrodes are arranged on opposite sides of a gas component sensor element, an electrical resistance of which varies in accordance with gas component in a gas under test. The change in the electrical resistance is taken out between a lead member...     

An oxygen indicator comprising at least one dyestuff, at least one alkaline substance and at least one reducing agent is disclosed.

Method and apparatus for selectively sensing the presence of a given constituent within an atmosphere. The apparatus includes a solid state element containing alkali metal ions that react with ions of the given constituent when the two are brought together. The solid state element is housed within a...     

In a gas-sensitive resistor of the metal oxide type, the sensitive body is a single crystal of zinc oxide. Such a sensor has particular application in the testing of oxygen-containing atmospheres for the presence of carbon monoxide.

An apparatus for detecting the presence of explosives by screening subjects passing through a controlled axis tunnel, the apparatus comprising a substantially open ended tunnel having a cross-section so that subjects can proceed in a single file through the tunnel. The apparatus further comprises a first...     

A method of manufacturing a solid state sensor wherein a reactive compound of an alkali metal is tightly packed between a central electrode and a surrounding ion shield. A heating coil is wound about the outside of the shield. The ion shield is formed of a material that is deplete in ions of alkali metal...     

A gas composition sensor for sensing the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gases from an automobile. The gas composition sensor includes a gas composition sensing element composed of a sintered metal oxide having an electric resistance value varying in accordance with the composition of gases to be sensed,...     

A carbon monoxide detecting apparatus is provided which is substantially unaffected by other coexisting gases in the gas atmosphere being sampled. The present invention includes a first carbon monoxide detecting element, a second carbon monoxide detecting element, and a comparing means. The first carbon...     

A personal dosimeter for measuring the time-average concentration of a gaseous contaminant in the atmosphere in a manner substantially independent of atmospheric motion relative to the dosimeter is provided. The dosimeter comprises a detector substance capable of chemically or physically combining with...     

A gas component detector has a detector element of a metal oxide held on one end of a ceramic body. The detector element is exposed to the gases to be detected and the electrical resistance value thereof is varied depending on the component of the gases. An electrical signal representing an electrical...     

An improved exhaust gas sensor for use in sensing the partial pressure of oxygen in the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine. The sensor has a titania ceramic element in which two electrodes are embedded. The electrodes in the past have been made from pure platinum, this precious metal being...     

Combustible gas detecting element for detecting the concentration of a combustible gas such as isobutane, ethane, propane and hydrogen. It comprises .gamma.-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, .gamma.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and at least one of La, Ce, Pr and Nd in terms of La.sub.2 O.sub.3, Ce.sub.2 O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2 O.sub.3...     

A solid state sensor that is ideally well suited for detecting the presence of ozone in an atmosphere under ambient conditions. A metal oxide semiconductor is placed upon a glass substrate by heating the substrate to about 1200.degree. F. and then depositing molten granules of the metal oxide upon the...     

A gas component detection apparatus comprises a first and a second gas sensing elements each composed of a metal oxide which exhibits variable electric resistances according to gaseous components and temperatures of gases to be detected. A catalyst is carried at least by the first sensing element for...     

A gas detector element comprising a sintered material of a metal oxide, the electric resistivity of which varies depending on an oxidative atmosphere or a reductive atmosphere of the inflammable gas composition, said gas detector element being characterized in that the size of the composing particles...     

A gas detector used with an automobile exhaust gas purifier system is disclosed, in which that part of the gas detector element of a sintered metal oxide which is located between electrodes for picking up a detected output has the thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm.

A differential thermocouple hydrogen gas detector (10) is provided by coating one thermocouple junction (34) of a differential thermocouple pair (34, 36) with a Palladium-Silver alloy catalyst (46) and the other thermocouple junction (36) with a non-catalyst (52). Heated hydrogen gas reacts with the...     

Catalytic gas sensors comprise a noble metal filament onto which is applied alumina having a particle size of not greater than 100 A and a catalyst material is impregnated into the dried alumina. The alumina may be dried by passage of an electric current through the filament and, prior to coating the...     

Methods and apparatus for measuring combustible gases in which an active sensor is maintained at controlled, temperature in respect of a reference sensor by means of a bridge-sampling system and a variable duty cycle system responsive to the bridge sampling system adapted to periodically bypass the current...     

A gas component detector has a detector element of a metal oxide held on one end of a ceramic body. The detector element is electrically connected to a pair of electrodes and the pair of electrodes are in turn welded to a pair of sub-lead-lines to deliver a detected electric signal from the detector...     

The continuous flow of sample fluid, e.g., the elution from the column of a chromatograph, is modulated with the aid of a storage volume such that the flow of sample fluid into the fluid input of a detector varies between maximum and minimum values at a given frequency, the flow of reference fluid to...     

Into a metal tube (24) provided with vent-holes (32) is inserted an oxygen sensor element (10) which comprises a ceramic round rod coated with a porous thick membrane of transition-metal oxide, divided electrode thick membranes (14) and a protective layer therefor, thereby to obtain an oxygen sensor....     

A gas component detection apparatus comprises a first and a second gas sensing elements each composed of a metal oxide which exhibits variable electric resistances according to gaseous components and temperatures of gases to be detected. A catalyst is carried at least by the first sensing element for...     

A gas detecting device e.g. for detecting CO.sub.2 in air, has a vessel containing water and a layer of ion-exchange resin wetted by the water and sandwiched between air and water-permeable electrode gauze discs. Any CO.sub.2 in the ambient atmosphere dissolves in the water and the dissociated ions lower...     

A gas sensor assembly comprises first and second sinters each composed of a metal oxide having an electric resistance value varying in dependence on the composition of a detected gas as well as the detected gas temperature, and the first sinter has deposited thereon a catalyst for causing an oxidation...     

An improved apparatus for facilitating the practice of a method for determining the conversion efficiency of the NOx converter of an oxides of nitrogen analyzer. An improved ozone control assembly facilitates the control of the ozone content of the gas mixture that is applied to the input of the analyzer....     

A gas detector having the features of defective sensor indication, different alarm signals for higher and lower dangerous gas levels, and an away alarm to indicate that an alarm has been activated but that the dangerous gas has by now dissipated.

A system is provided for detecting the absence of liquid in a liquid chamber. A signal is transmitted through a liquid chamber and a signal is provided in response to the amplitude of the received signal. A receiving transducer receives an AC signal which is amplified and fed to a DC control circuit....     

A gas detector of the type using an electric heater in which a substrate consists of an upper film of electrically insulating substance having a resistance to heat and a lower film of substance different from the substance of the upper film, a recess is formed below or under the upper film by removing...     

A pair of electrodes are spaced apart on an electrically-insulating support surface. Disposed on the surface in a position bridging the electrodes is a sensor that exhibits a change in conductivity in response to exposure of the material to a wide variety of certain flammable and toxic gases. Overlying...     

A fume detector including a gas sensor having a heater element and a variable impedance element associated therewith whose impedance decreases in the presence of toxic gases or fumes, or a decrease of free oxygen in an atmosphere being monitored. A load resistor in series circuit with the gas sensor...     

There is provided a novel combustible gas detecting element and method for production thereof. The element comprises a gas sensing body comprising a sintered body or film of an amorphous semiconductor comprising a metal oxide, a sulfate and halide.

Oxygen sensor comprising solid oxygen-ion-conducting electrolyte with a platinum group metal film electrode contacts and monitors nonoxidizing or reducing gas atmosphere in a metal heat treatment (gas carburizing) furnace after a getter of the same platinum group metal as in the film electrode removes...     

A hydrogen sensing device for determining the concentration of hydrogen in a fluid atmosphere consists of a sealed chamber formed with a window which selectively allows diffusion of hydrogen into the chamber. Alpha particles from a source contained in the chamber ionize the hydrogen and a pair of polarized...     

In a combustion appliance with a safety device therein, an inner flame cylinder, a red-heat cylinder and an outer cylinder disposed concentrically on the outer side of the red-heat cylinder are provided to constitute a combustor and an oxygen sensor is disposed in the rear flow of the combustion flames...     

An apparatus for detecting and measuring the presence and the concentration, respectively, of halogenated hydrocarbons, in particular anaesthetic gases, as halothane, enfluorane, metoxyfluorane and isofluorane, in a mixture of gases comprises a piezoelectric crystal, which has its surface coated with...     

A gas sensor is disclosed which comprises a sintered metal oxide the resistance value of which changes with the ambient temperature, a gas sensor element having at least one electrode connected to the sintered metal oxide, a ceramic insulator for insulatively holding the gas sensor, a lead connection...     

A high sensitive and high responsive gas detecting sensor for detecting the partial pressure of oxygen gas in the exhaust gases is disclosed. The sensor is provided with a sensing element having an electrical characteristic in response to the partial pressure of oxygen gas, a ceramic base member which...     

A partial pressure of oxygen sensor which finds utility when inserted into an exhaust system of a hydrocarbon fuel burning device. The oxygen sensor includes a mounting body threaded on one end for securement to the exhaust system and having a conical configured bore extending along a central axis thereof...     

A gas sensor having a gas sensing element of which electrical resistance changes in accordance with gas components contained in sensing gas and a ceramic member for firmly holding the sensing element is fixedly mounted, in which the gas components are detected by sensing a resistance of the gas sensing...     

A compact and durable gas detecting sensor for detecting the partial pressure of oxygen gas in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The sensor is provided with a sensing element made of ceramic material having an electrical characteristic which varies in response to variations...     

Improvements in a gas detecting system utilizing a filament-heated gas sensor displaying measurable resistance characteristics which vary with the concentration of selected gases within the atmosphere in the vicinity of the sensor inhibit the production of gas detection indications automatically during...     

A reference element for a catalytic gas sensor with improved life in the presence of combustible gases is described. The sensor comprises a filament such as a platinum-iridium alloy coated with a layer of titanium dioxide. The coating typically contains a high temperature stable inorganic binder such...     

A compact and high sensitive gas detecting sensor for detecting the partial pressure of oxygen gas in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The sensor is provided with a sensing element made of the ceramic material having an electrical characteristic which varies in response...     

The invention provides a device capable of monitoring the concentration of anaesthetic gas in a breathing mixture being delivered to a patient to cause narcosis and consists essentially of an electronic transducer which provides an output signal proportional to the concentration of anaesthetic gas in...     

A gas detecting sensor for precisely detecting the partial pressure of oxygen gas in the exhaust gases without being affected by the change of the temperature of the environment thereof, is disclosed. The sensor is provided with a ceramic base member, a film-shaped gas sensing element having a characteristic...     

An oxygen sensor which exhibits a change in electrical resistance as a function of oxygen partial pressure comprises at least one of strontium ferrate, barium ferrate and strontium barium ferrate, in which part of the iron in the ferrate lattice has been replaced by at least one element of valency greater...     

A combustion gas sensor and material therefore responsive to changes in the composition of ambient atmospheres wherein the sensing element includes SnO.sub.2 crystals having a means d of approximately 500-3200 .ANG. and having a surface area to mass ratio S of 1-8 m.sup.2 /g a process for making same....     

A gas composition sensor includes a gas sensor element having an electric resistance value which varies in accordance with the composition of exhaust gases to be sensed, and a pair of electrodes attached to the gas sensor element for detecting the electric resistance value, whereby the resistance value...     

A pellistor type combustible gas detector including a Wheatstone bridge therefor fed from a voltage regulator and a constant current generator. Two comparators detect, for example, 50% to 75% of the lower explosive limit of the gas to be detected and 25% thereof, respectively. Latches keep indicator...     

A gas detector for detecting the leak of fuel gases, such as hydrogen gas, methane gas, butane gas, with improved reliability in detecting the gas leak. Said gas detector includes a main gas sensing element showing the change in resistance to target gases, such as methane, butane, hydrogen, as well as...     

A heated resistive type sensor (20) for detecting the oxygen content in an exhaust gas is connected to an electronic control unit (22) for regulating the air/fuel ratio used to operate an internal combustion engine (10). The sensor (20) has a heater (70) which provides a constant thermal energy level...     

A personal field chemical warfare nerve agent detector has therein a transducer having two micromechanical cantilever oscillators. One of the cantilever oscillators has deposited, as an end-mass, a chemically selective substance on the cantilever. The nerve agent if present causes the natural resonant...     

A gas detecting apparatus is disclosed in which detection outputs from a plurality of semiconductor gas detecting elements different in gas detection characteristic from each other and previously-obtained characteristic values of the semiconductor gas detecting elements for a mixed gas are subjected...     

A gas component detecting plug including a gas component-sensitive element, lead wires connected to the gas component-sensitive element, a tubular or board-like insulator which supports both the gas component-sensitive element and the lead wires, and an enclosure, the insulator being sealed to the enclosure...     

An oxygen sensor for monitoring the oxygen concentration in exhaust gases of an engine of a motor vehicle including a sensor element supported by a base in a position remote from the flow of exhaust gases to be tested whereby solid particles in the exhaust gases are prevented from being deposited on...     

This invention provides a method of analyzing materials, comprising the steps of subjecting a surface of the material to high energy impact by a laser to cause ablation and vaporization such as to generate a gaseous and/or gas-born sample of the material, transporting all or part of the gaseous and/or...     

A sensor element comprising a substrate made of a compound oxide of the perovskite type, the compound oxide having the formula A.sub.1-x A'.sub.x B.sub.1-y B'.sub.y O.sub.3 in which A represents a trivalent element selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr and Nd, A' represents a divalent element...     

A carbon monoxide gas detector comprises a housing consisting of two enclosures 10 and 12 having ports in the wall thereof to provide a tortuous path for air entering the inner enclosure 12. A gas cell transducer 16 connected to an electrical circuit 18 provides signals indicative of gas concentration....     

Gas sensor which is constructed of an electrically insulating base, electrodes formed on said base, and a gas sensitive film formed on the surface of said base at a portion where it detects a gas to be sensed, e.g., an oxygen gas. The gas sensor of the present invention is characterized in that the gas...     

Materials of oxygen ion conductors comprising CeO.sub.2 -CaO type oxides wherein 5-60 mol % of CaO is mixed with CeO.sub.2 having a fluorite structure, and composite oxides wherein CeO.sub.2 of said CeO.sub.2 -CaO type oxides is replaced by oxide of magnesium or aluminum by 5-10 mol %.

A gas sensor has a heater circuit with a voltage-dividing element, and a voltage to energize the heater circuit is applied through a resistive lead wire element, while a sensor voltage to measure the resistance of a gas-sensitive element is branched from the heater circuit.

An apparatus and method for sensing organic liquids, vapors and gases which includes a resistivity sensor means comprising an intimate admixture of conductive particles and a material capable of swelling the presence of the liquid, gas or vapor to be detected and an electrical contact thereto.

The housing 1 of a gas sensor carries a diffusion barrier 2 for restricting the access of gas to the sensing element 4 and a filter 3 mounted between the diffusion barrier 2 and the sensing element 4. As a result, gas reaching the filter 3 must first pass through the diffusion barrier 2 so that its flux...     

A reactive gas sensor which utilizes an electrically conductive polymer composite which comprises an inner layer of an electrically conductive polymer, intermediate layers of a polymer which exhibits a low degree of gas permeability, and protective outer layers of a polymer which exhibits a low degree...     

A gas detecting apparatus incorporates a number of gas detecting elements which react with a variety of gases and exhibit gas sensitivities differing from one another in dependence on the gas species. The detection patterns obtained by quantitizing the detection outputs of the gas detecting elements...     

A gas sensor has an elongated planar ceramic substrate carrying a gas-sensitive layer at one end thereof, and a ceramic layer overlaid on the substrate with a setback from the gas-sensitive layer so as to form a staircase-like step on the substrate, the setback edge surface of the ceramic layer being...     

A gas sensor has a ceramic substrate carrying a first ceramic layer formed thereon and a second ceramic layer formed on the first layer, the two layers having successive setbacks from one edge of the substrate so as to form a staircase-like edge structure, and a gas-sensitive layer is formed on the staircase-like...     

A gas sensor including a gas sensor body in which is centrally inserted a gas detecting element and which permits the gas sensor itself to be attached to other members; a protective sleeve attached to an end portion of the gas sensor body; a seal member formed of a heat-resistant synthetic resin, the...     

A solid state cell for measuring the activity of a component of a mixture using a solid ionic conductor, which is in contact on one side with a reference phase and on the other side with a phase sensitive to the gas component to be determined, is to be improved in such a manner that its detection sensitivity...     

A Sensor for measuring oxygen partial pressures in hot gases includes a semiconducting nonstoichiometric oxide material in the form of a solid solution in uranium dioxide UO.sub.2 of at least one other metal oxide having an oxygen/metal (O/M) ratio of less than two and a uranium/other metal (U/M) ratio...     

A gas sensor in which a compound of rhenium is added to tin oxide (SnO.sub.2). Rhenium inhibits the sensor from lowering its resistance over time and in particular increases its durability against overheating. Rhenium is preferably used together with vanadium. Rhenium is preferably added by impregnation...     

Combustible gas detecting element for detecting the existence of combustible gas such as methane, ethane, propane iso-butane and hydrogen. The element comprises .alpha.-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 containing a small amount of sulfate ion (SO.sub.4.sup.--). By using a precipitation process with urea as a precipitant...     

The disclosed sensor probe for detecting a gas component concentration such as an oxygen concentration has a specific gas introducing tube arranged in a gas probe tube, whose one end is faced to a gas sensor portion, and possessing a gas inlet hole for introducing a gas to be measured into the gas sensor...     

Generic, non-selective sensors identify specific vapors of interest through selectively permeable ILMs which eliminate interfering species.

Apparatus for determining the concentration of a selected gas, e.g. hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen, in molten metal of known temperature and composition (other than dissolved gases) comprises a tubular probe having an outer sheath, impermeable to the metal, constructed from a gas permeable refractory or...     

Test and man-rating of an oxygen generation system required analytical methods for evaluating system performance both in the laboratory and on the aircraft. The Oxygen System Analyzer is capable of monitoring four performance variables which include: (1) system gas flow rate, (2) product oxygen concentration,...     

Hydrogen Sulphide is a toxic gas present in many environments. It is necessary for a detector to be highly sensitive and not to respond to other common gases. The sensor is made up of electrodes (5) coated with a thin layer (6) of material comprising the oxides of molybdenum and tungsten and in the presence...     

An improved gas sensor which optically senses a signal indication proportional to the concentration of a paramagnetic/diamagnetic gas in a gaseous mixture. In a preferred embodiment of the invention a chamber is adapted to contain a gaseous mixture to be measured for the concentration of a paramagnetic/diamagnetic...     

An oxygen sensor is disclosed, which includes a planar sensor element and a metallic cover. The planar sensor element is provided with a detecting section at least at one of outer side surfaces thereof for detecting a gas to be measured. The detecting section is protected with the metallic cover. The...     

In an oxygen sensor having a plate-shaped oxygen sensor element, a measuring electrode on the broader width surface of the plate-shaped sensor element, and a protective cover covering the plate-shape sensor element, wherein the protective cover has gas inlet holes for introducing a gas to be measured...     

The disclosure of the invention is directed to a site survey ground vehicle based apparatus and method for automatically detecting source materials, such as radioactivity, marking the location of the source materials, such as with paint, and mapping the location of the source materials on a site. The...     

An oxygen sensor has a planar sensor element which generates electromotive forces or varies an electric resistance between electrodes formed on opposite surfaces of the planar sensor element depending upon concentrations of oxygen in exhaust gases, a metallic housing member for housing the sensor element...     

A hydrocarbon vapor sensor which is simple and low cost and can easily detect the existence of hydrocarbon vapor. The device is temperature compensated so that a change in resistance due to a change in temperature is avoided and an arcurate response is always provided. The sensor can be used in a system...     

A sensor for selectively sensing the presence of halogenated gases, particularly HFC's, within an atmosphere. The apparatus includes a ceramic element containing either a mixture of alkali metal silicates and aluminum oxide or aluminosilicate which react with ions of the halogenated gas when the two...     

An RTD (resistance temperature sensor or detector) sensing device which is a long, thin, unitary device adapted to be distributed across an extended field for the continuous, uninterrupted sensing or interrogation of such field, avoiding the inaccuracy, unreliability, and excessive expense of conventional...