Liquid encapsulation utilizing an emulsion or dispersion to form a solid-walled microcapsule (includes liposome)

A pressure-sensitive copying material consisting of a sheet-like base to which has been applied a coating comprising microcapsules containing dyes. The microcapsules are filled with a solution or suspension of a salt of a dye base and an organic carboxylic acid in an organic water-immiscible solvent....     

Microcapsules are made by (a.) dispersing or dissolving a core substance in a film-forming polymer solution, (b.) emulsifying in fine droplets the resulting dispersion or solution in a vehicle which is poorly miscible with the solvent of the polymer solution and which doesn't dissolve said polymer to...     

The micro-capsules are formed by providing the coating of capsulating agents comprising acetate sulfate of polyglycosides on the core substances. Aqueous solutions of the salt of cellulose acetate sulfate, starch acetate sulfate or dextran acetate sulfate are used as the said acetate sulfate of polyglycosides...     

Microcapsules are produced by dispersing and emulsifying hydrophobic material such as water insoluble material, color forming material, color forming assistant, oil and mixture of oil and various medicines dissolved therein in gelatin aqueous solution so as to produce minute particles, adding coacervate...     

An improved process for releasably enclosing a solution of a micelle-forming surfactant in a receptacle comprising a microporous cellulose membrane is provided.

A skin cream composition having an oil phase, a water phase, and an encapsulated active base. The water phase includes hectorite clay and a peptizer for the clay. The encapsulated active base includes hectorite clay, a peptizer for the clay, and a polar group affording compound.

A process for preparing reactive products which comprise two or more relative components is described. Said process comprises emulsifying at least one reactant in a first liquid which is substantially impermeable to all of the reactants, forming droplets of said emulsion, and suspending said droplets...     

Discrete, substantially spherical microcapsules having a solid polymeric shell and a solid, non-tacky polymeric core, which is grafted to the polymeric shell, are provided. Such microcapsules may be coated onto cellulosic substrates or incorporated into such substrates and subsequently fused to provide...     

Synthetic erythrocytes. Hemoglobin is encapsulated in lipid materials to form cells which are typically 0.1 to 10 microns in their greatest dimension. Preferably cholesterol and one or more phospholipids are included in the cell membrane. The lipid membrane is of such character and thinness that O.sub.2...     

Microscopic capsules comprising a nucleus surrounded by a film-forming polymeric layer having a substantially continuous light-reflecting metallic coating thereover.

Microcapsules having an average diameter below 5 microns and containing a flame retardant material are incorporated into polymeric materials, such as polyurethane foams without affecting the structural integrity of the cell walls of the foam. The capsules are chemically bonded to the foam, as well as...     

A visible action gel toner composition having a carrier and an encapsulated active base. The carrier includes hectorite clay and a peptizer for the clay. The encapsulated active base includes hectorite clay, a peptizer for the clay, and a polar group affording compound.

A chromogenic compound having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, a benzyl group or an aryl group; R.sup.5 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, a benzyl group, an aryl group or Y, wherein Y represents ##STR2## and...     

Microcapsules having walls formed from polyvinyl alcohol are prepared by dispersing a substantially water insoluble nuclear material in an aqueous solution of a polyvinyl alcohol polymer, which solution has a cloud point, phase separating and depositing a concentrated aqueous solution of the polyvinyl...     

Microcapsules are formed in the absence of coacervation by providing an oil-in-water emulsion containing a polymeric, emulsifying agent having cross-linkable groups or complexing sites and admixing with the emulsion a cross-linking agent or a complexing agent which forms an impermeable coating around...     

Water-soluble and water-insoluble solid and liquid core materials are encapsulated by the same method. Core materials are simply entrapped in a matrix of water-insoluble polyhydroxy polymers which are insolubilized from their corresponding water-soluble xanthates in the presence of the core materials....     

Chemical biological agents to be encapsulated are dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous solution of polyhydroxy polymer xanthate. Simultaneous addition of a strong acid and a coupling agent to the solution insolubilizes the polyhydroxy polymer without degrading the xanthate moiety, thereby entrapping...     

A method for preparing microcapsules comprising polymerizing urea and formaldehyde in the presence of an anionic polyelectrolyte and an ammonium salt of an acid and forming a wall membrane of a urea/formaldehyde resin around droplets of a hydrophobic oily liquid.

Microparticles, such as microspheres and microcapsules, comprising a solid organopolysiloxane are prepared by irradiating a dispersion of discrete entities with ultraviolet light. The discrete entities are dispersed in a UV-transparent fluid continuous phase and are sphere-like particles of a UV-curable,...     

Microspheres, prepared by solvent removal from an oil-in-water emulsion using carboxylic acid salt surfactant, e.g., sodium oleate as the emulsifier.

Microcapsules laden with an active agent are prepared by a method comprising: (a) dissolving or dispersing an active agent in a solvent and dissolving a wall forming material in said solvent; (b) dispersing said solvent containing said active agent and wall forming material in a continuous-phase processing...     

A process for preparing ethylcellulose microcapsules by flocculation of the ethylcellulose is disclosed. In this process, the flocculation of the ethylcellulose is carried out in the presence of an organosilicon polymer or in the presence of said organosilicon polymer and a surfactant.

A nonionic surfactant type vesicle dispersion comprising vesicles, dispersed in an aqueous medium, composed of (A) 100 parts by weight of at least one ethoxylate selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene castor oil ethers and polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil ethers and (B) 3 to 30 parts...     

A core material such as viable cells is encapsulated by gelling an alginate polymer with a polyvalent cation to form shape-retaining gelled masses containing the core material, expanding and hydrating the gelled masses by contacting the masses with an aqueous saline solution, and forming a membrane about...     

A method for producing liposomes which comprises mixing liposome membrane components with a water-soluble non-volatile solvent and, then, dispersing the mixture in an aqueous medium. The pharmaceutically acceptable liposome preparation as a drug delivery system can thus be produced with efficiency on...     

Compositions and methods for maintaining reservoirs of bioactive agents by sequestering the reservoir in a gel matrix are described. In particular, liposomes containing an entrapped bioactive agent are sequestered in a gel matrix. The resulting liposome-gel compositions may be used in vivo or in vitro...     

Methods and compositions are described for the preparation of lipid vesicles, the bilayers of which comprise a salt form of an organic acid derivative of a sterol such as the tris-salt form of a sterol hemisuccinate. The method is rapid, efficient, and does not require the use of organic solvents. The...     

Capsules are formed herein a liquified core while avoiding capsule core gelation by adding drops of a solution of either an anionic polymer composition or a cationic polymer composition to a solution of an ionic polymer of opposite charge. The drops contain an active ingredient such as a cell or microorganism...     

A liposome preparation entrapping adriamycin as the effective component, whose constitutional lipids are phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and sulfatide in a specific molar ratio.

Novel process for liposome compositions capable to retain larger amount of drugs with a small amount of phospholipid and to provide, therefore, safer medications of various drugs, which comprises dispersing freeze-dried MLV or SUV in an aqueous medium in the presence of both an active ingredient and...     

A lipid coupling reagent for use in coupling amine-containing molecules, such as proteins, to liposomes. The reagent includes phosphatidylethanolamine coupled to a 3-20 atom carbon-containing spacer arm terminating at a carboxyl or thiocarboxyl group. Also disclosed are liposomes prepared to include...     

A method for making sterile liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin having an oxn carrying capacity of 20 vol/%, a half life of 15-20 hours as measured in mice, with the liposome made from chloroform, HSPC, cholesterol, negatively charged DMPG and alpha-tocopherol.

A microcapsule containing hydrous composition containing an electrolyte and microcapsules coated with a water-soluble polymer which undergoes phase separation by the action of the electrolyte. The electrolyte causes the above-mentioned phase separation comprising 5% to 80% by weight of water and water-soluble...     

A drug/liposome composition comprising an aqueous suspension of liposomes and, entrapped in the lipid bilayer region of the liposomes, an anthraquinone drug containing quinone and hydroquinone functionalities on adjacent anthracene rings. An iron-specific trihydroxamic chelating agent contained in the...     

There is disclosed an improved complex coacervation process for microencapsulation of core ingredients that are partially soluble in the microcapsule walls wherein the core ingredient is first mixed with a coacervation adjacent prior to forming a first colloidal emulsion of core ingredient, and, after...     

The present invention involves a liposomal agent for treating disseminated fungal infection in an animal. This liposomal agent comprises the polyene antifungal compound nystatin. The nystatin is encapsulated within a liposome. The liposome in which the nystatin is incorporated is preferably a stable...     

Encapsulated bodies are produced by bringing a fluid, which is to form the cores of the encapsulated bodies, and a solution, which has ability to form gel skins upon contact with the fluid, into contact and including a gelling reaction therebetween. A desired liquid, which is suitable for the utilization...     

Providing a water slurry containing an immobilizing agent and an insoluble substance, such as calcium citrate, effective to cause gelation of the immobilizing agent. The water slurry is then contacted with a hydrophobic liquid, such as a vegetable oil under conditions leading to the formation of a dispersion...     

Biological control agents such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses have been encapsulated in a protective, starch matrix without the use of chemical crosslinking agents. The agent is blended into a dispersion of pregelatinized starch, which is thereafter subjected to conditions suitable for retrogradation....     

Light sensitive liposomes are provided which release their contents on demand in response to irradiation with an appropriate wavelength of light. Substantially all the liposome contents can be released within about 60 seconds. Preferred embodiments of the light sensitive liposomes include lipids having...     

Liposome composition is prepared by freezing liposomes in which a hydrophilic drug and one or more members selected from the group consisting of glucose, galactose, mannose, maltose and maltotriose are entrapped, in the presence of the aqueous solution of one or more members selected from the group of...     

Steroidal liposomes comprising a bioactive agent and method for their administration are disclosed, the bilayers of said steroidal liposomes comprising a salt form of a carboxylic acid derivative of a sterol, a salt form of a polycarboxylic acid derivative of a sterol, a salt form of a hydroxy carboxylic...     

Microcapsules containing oil-based biologically active compounds which are stable over extended time periods for release of the encapsulated compound in the intestine. There are a number of biologically active compounds having an oil base which must be orally ingested in order to have a beneficial effect....     

A drug/liposome composition comprising an aqueous suspension of liposomes and, entrapped in the lipid bilayer region of the liposomes, an anthraquinone drug containing quinone and hydroquinone functionalities on adjacent anthracene rings. An iron-specific trihydroxamic chelating agent contained in the...     

Forming a solution (preferably a true or complete solution) of mer in any permeant, reacting mer in presence of permeant substantially without rearrangement of the liquid system into separate phases and substantially without encapsulation (defined as any form of entrapment by polymeric solidification,...     

A new method of producing paucilamellar lipid vesicles has been developed. The vesicles are made of non-phospholipid surfactants. The paucilamellar lipid vesicles have 2-8 lipid bilayers surrounding a central cavity which may be filled with either an aqueous-based solution or an oil or wax.

A method of heterogeneous reaction is described, comprising reacting a water-soluble component and an oil-soluble component dispersed in the water-soluble component or an aqueous medium containing the same. This dispersion is attained by passing the oil-soluble component through the micropores of a hydrophilic...     

Mucin coated Sepharose is used as a laboratory model to measure the affinity of a postulated lipid composition in liposome configuration for binding to mucin. The preferred lipid composition provides a first lipid moiety which projects a postive charged ion. A second lipid moiety enhances the positive...     

The A fragment of the diphtheria toxin (DTA) was encapsulated in pH-sensitive liposomes. This novel reagent is extremely cytotoxic to cells expressing surface antigen which is recognized by the immunoliposome. The reagent is not toxic to cells which do not express the antigen. Thus, this reagent, or...     

The invention relates to a completely novel type of micro-capsules, viz. such capsules where an encapsulated hydrophobic or lipophilic substance is surrounded by polar solid crystals of polar lipids which expose their hydrophilic face outwards and their hydrophobic face turned inwards towards the hydrophobic...     

The ability of phosphoglyceride-containing membranes to withstand the disruptive effects of freezing, thawing, or freeze-drying is enhanced when treated with (a) a compound of the formula R-X-R.sub.1, wherein R is a lipid or lipophilic anchor, X is a hydrophilic linker group, and R.sub.1 is a polyalcohol...     

The present invention relates to a process for forming stable, uniform unilamellar or oligolamellar liposomes which encapsulate a macromolecule. However, unlike prior processes, the present method maintains a temperature below the phase transition temperature of the lipid used to make the liposome both...     

A single-vessel method is provided for preparing liposomes in commercial quantities by forming a homogeneous and uniform lipid film in a thin-film evaporator by evaporation of the organic solvent, followed by in situ hydration of the film in an aqueous phase by agitation with the rotor.

Microcapsules are advantageously produced with high take-up of a water-soluble drug by preparing a W/O emulsion composed of a water-soluble drug-containing solution as the inner aqueous phase and a polymer-containing solution as the oil phase, dispersing said emulsion in an aqueous phase and subjecting...     

Lipid membrane structures containing a lactose monofatty acid ester or amide are disclosed. The lipid membrane structures are delivered preferentially to the liver parenchymal cells and are useful as carriers of drugs.

A new method is disclosed for making unilamellar vesicles from multilamellar vesicles. Such vesicles are formed without the use of physical of chemical disruption processes known in the art for forming unilamellar vesicles. The liposomes are incubated at neutral pH at or near the transition temperature...     

The invention provides a freeze-dried potential liposome mixture having an amphipathic lipid and a cyclosporin or derivative thereof for use in possible liposome delivery of cyclosporin into cells. A method to produce the freeze-dried mixture is also disclosed. When reconstituted to yield liposomes in...     

Drug delivery compositions yeild new and unexpected degrees of stabilization, solubilization and delivery of incorporated medicaments, drugs, or other physiologically-active compounds. The compositions enable administration of drugs and other medically useful compounds via a variety of routes. More particularly,...     

The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing synthetic, substantially pure phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl choline and a substance or a mixture of substances having biological activity. The invention also relates to mixtures comprising synthetic, substantially pure phosphatidyl...     

A method of forming lipid structures, such as liposomes is disclosed. Lipids are dissolved in a solvent system containing a water-miscible solvent, such as ethanol, and an aqueous medium. The water:solvent ratio is raised by removing water and solvent in a reverse osmosis system, and replacing lost solvent...     

A method of forming liposomes with a uniform size distribution, and an average size of about 300 nm or less. Vesicles-forming lipids are dissolved in a water-miscible solvent, such as ethanol, and an aqueous medium is added to a water:solvent ratio at which lipid assembly first occurs. The water:solvent...     

The liposome compositions entrapping a drug are prepared by constituting the liposomal membrane with a saturated phospholipid and a glycolipid having sialic acid group. Thus obtained compositions circulate stably in blood for a long time after intravenous administration.

The present invention relates to a process of stabilizing micellular particles such as vesicles and increasing the shelf life by suspending the particles in a polymeric gel matrix. The invention also relates to such particles suspended in the gel matrix with a protective gel surface thereabout which...     

A taste moderating composition comprising a liposome associated flavorant and method of preparation and use.

The present invention relates to encapsulated parasiticides, a method for their production, and methods of treatment to prevent or eradicate infestation using the encapsulated parasiticides. The formulations of the present invention are water or oil-based and have many advantages over conventional formulations...     

The liposome compositions entrapping a drug are prepared by constituting the liposomal membrane with saturated phospholipids and anionic surfactants of high Krafft point at concentrations above their critical micelle concentrations. Thus obtained compositions circulate stably in blood for a long time...     

Encapsulated ionophore growth factors and methods of encapsulating these growth factors in lipid vesicles, particularly nonphospholipid paucilamellar lipid vesicles, have been discovered. These methods allow aqueous-based formulations of water-insoluble growth factors to be made.

An aqueous, noncrystalline minoxidil composition for topical use which has significantly improved flux of the drug through human cadaver skin. The composition contains minoxidil complexed with an amphipathic compound, oleic acid and with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The composition may be...     

An apparatus for the production of encapsulated bodies employing a dropping tank for a fluid to form the cores of the encapsulated bodies and a reaction tank containing a solution capable of forming gel skins upon contact with the core material in communication therewith. Double-walled cylindrical nozzles...     

Methods and compositions are described for the preparation of alpha-tocopherol vesicles, the bilayers of which comprise a salt form of an organic acid derivative of alpha-tocopherol such as the Tris salt form of alpha-tocopherol hemisuccinate. The method is rapid and efficient and does not require the...     

Small unilamellar liposomes (d<600 nm) comprising an unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) such as dioleoyl PE (DOPE) and a fatty acid such as oleic acid (OA) are stabilized by adding to a freshly prepared liposome suspension, an amphipile which has a high tendency to form micelles. Examples are...     

Osmotically derived liposomal vesicles loaded with an active agent are disclosed. Liposomes, including an entrapped osmotic agent, are contacted one or more times with a washing solution which is hypotonic to the entrapped osmotic agent and which contains active agent. The entrapped osmotic agent in...     

Pro-liposome compositions comprise membrane lipids such as lecithin or distearyl dimethylammonium chloride, water-miscible solvents such as ethanol, optionally a minor proportion of water, and optionally fatty acid esters and drugs. In addition to excess water they spontaneously form dispersions of liposomes...     

The present invention comprises a pressure-sensitive chromogenic copy system comprising a transfer sheet having on at least a portion of at least one surface thereof a coating of microcapsules having encapsulated therein a solution in an oleophilic solvent of the reaction product of at least one leuco...     

Processes for producing biocompatible and biodegradable protein microspheres with controlled porosity and microsphere sizes are disclosed. Generally, the processes are accomplished as follows: (a) dissolving a source of protein in a mildly acidic or basic aqueous medium, in the presence or absence of...     

The present invention relates to a process for forming stable, uniform unilamellar or oligolamellar liposomes which encapsulate a macromolecule. However, unlike prior processes, the present method maintains a temperature below the phase transition temperature of the lipid used to make the liposome both...     

An emulsified composition comprising: (A) a lipid soluble drug and a lipid; (B) a sugar and/or a sugar alcohol; (C) water; (D) a water soluble nonionic surfactant having a molecular weight of 1000 or more, or a phospholipid and a water soluble nonionic surfactant having a molecular weight of 1000 or...     

The present invention relates to a process for preparing lipid microparticles of microcrystalline appearance, of a water-insoluble substance possessing an affinity for phospholipids and of at least one phospholipid, the microparticles being stable in suspension in an aqueous solution, characterized in...     

The first part explains the discovery, and means to employ the discovery that whole, intact vesicles and liposomes are not the sole means of burden (drug) delivery by targeting molecules. The second part teaches the discovery of reverse loading of vesicles and liposomes to obtain fully functional core...     

Microcapsules which are prepared using coacervation processes and/or which have a complex structure in which there is a large central core of encapsulated material, preferably perfume, and the walls contain small wall inclusion particles of either the core material or some other material that can be...     

Lipid membrane structures containing, in the lipid membrane thereof, a compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a fatty acid residue; R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyclic hydrocarbon residue; R.sub.3 represents an amino group, a guanidino...     

A new method of producing paucilamellar lipid vesicles has been developed. The vesicles are made of non-phospholipid surfactants. The paucilamellar lipid vesicles have 2-8 lipid bilayers surrounding a central cavity which may be filled with either an aqueous-based solution or an oil or wax.

The formation of spontaneous, thermodynamically stable vesicles from surfactant solutions is described. The vesicles comprise at least one single-chain, anionic surfactant and at least one single-chain cationic surfactant. Use of the vesicles in ultrafiltration treatment of water is disclosed.

A photoresponsive liposome which comprises a compound represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl group; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, which may be the same or different, are selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl...     

Methods are described for controlling the transbilayer distribution of ionizable lipids and proteins in vesicles. Control of the ion gradient of the exterior bathing medium in relation to that of the interior entrapped aqueous compartment of the vesicles induces migration of ionizable lipids or proteins...     

Methods and compositions are described for the preparation of alpha-tocopherol vesicles, the bilayers of which comprise a salt form of an organic acid derivative of alpha-tocopherol such as the Tris salt form of alpha-tocopherol hemisuccinate. The method is rapid and efficient and does not require the...     

Disclosed are hybrid paucilamellar lipid vesicles containing a phospho- or glycolipid and a nonionic, anionic, or zwitterionic surfactant in the lipid bilayers. The paucilamellar vesicles may have either an aqueous or oil-filled central cavity. A method of manufacture for these vesicles is also disclosed.

Methods are described for controlling the transbilayer distribution of ionizable lipids and proteins in vesicles. Control of the ion gradient of the exterior bathing medium in relation to that of the interior entrapped aqueous compartment of the vesicles induces migration of ionizable lipids or proteins...     

The production of artificial viral envelopes by a novel double-detergent dialysis technique is disclosed. Specifically exemplified is the production of HIV-1 and RSV viral envelopes. The resulting artificial viral envelopes are essentially identical to the natural virus with regard to characteristics...     

The coacervation of ferrocene and ferrocene derivative is carried out in a ater-soluble polyol, coacervation mixture at a reaction temperature from about 40.degree. C. to about 55.degree. C. The coacervation mixture is comprised of about 70 to about 80 parts of a 1:1 ratio of water and a water soluble...     

An artificial blood substitute comprising Lewis acid--Lewis base salt film microcapsule having a perfluorocarbon encapsulated therein. The Lewis base may be a polyoxyalkylene adduct of an amine and the Lewis acid may be a polyoxyalkylene derivative of a polymeric acid.

Methods and compositions are described for the preparation of bioactive agents entrapped in lipid vesicles the bilayers of which comprise a salt form of an organic acid derivative of a sterol, such as the tris-salt form of a sterol hemisuccinate, and to compositions comprising a mixture of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane...     

A method for producing microcapsules in which various coats can be applied to various cores at any desired but uniformly controllable thickness comprises the steps of: (a) providing microcapsule cores, (b) depositing resin particles uniformly onto the surfaces of the microcapsule cores to form resin...     

In this invention, the purpose is to provide a shelf-stable spray-dried powder embodying a desired organic oil, such as a flavorant, for example. First, hydroxylated lecithin is subject to a high-energy power input, such as by vigorous stirring or microfluidization or sonication. To make a uniform mix,...     

A method for making a pharmaceutical composition is described. The composition is comprised of an organic acid derivative of alpha tocopherol, and may additionally comprise other lipids. The composition may be in the form of liposomes, and as such are associated with or entrap a bioactive agent. Particularly...     

A pharmaceutical composition being an oil in water type emulsion which comprises an effective amount of a lypophilic drug is provided. The composition comprises a synergistic combination consisting of about 3-50% of an oily carrier consisting of MCT oil optionally in combination with vegetable oil, about...     

A method of entrapping a water-soluble substance in vesicles formed from a siloxane surfactant is carried out by dissolving the substance to be entrapped in water, adding a siloxane surfactant, mildly agitating the mixture, and removing excess of water and substance. Water-insoluble substances can be...     

Biocompatible microcapsules useful for transplanting foreign material into an animal body, and the method of their production, are described, wherein the microcapsules contain an outermost layer of water soluble non-ionic polymers such as PEO to create resistance to cell adhesion on the surface of the...     

A bio-injectable drug composition which provides long term drug release. The drug composition is made up of a pharmaceutically active agent in a biodegradable polymer matrix, where the polymer matrix is a solid at temperatures in the range 20.degree. to 37.degree. C. and is flowable at temperatures in...     

The present invention relates to a sustained-release injection, which comprises a suspension of a powder comprising an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable biodegradable carrier (e.g. proteins, polysaccharides and synthetic high molecular compounds, preferably collagen, atelocollagen,...