Fluidized bed of noncombustible particles

Apparatus and process for the disposal of plastic waste in conjunction with air the apparatus comprising a fluidized bed combustion unit with means for heating the plastic waste disposed within the upper portion of the combustion unit. The plastic waste is converted to hydrocarbon gases and oils within...     

A furnace for carrying out combustion of refuse or for reclaiming particles contaminated with combustible material comprises a bed of particles which is fluidized by feeding air and gaseous fuel into the bed. The refuse or contaminated material is fed into the bed and it is heated by combustion of the...     

Waste material such as sewage biotreater sludge which is partially combustible and contains a substantial proportion of ash, including easily fusible salts, is incinerated in a fluidized bed incinerator provided with a special quench system which protects against premature plugging of the incinerator...     

A fluidized bed waste incinerator is operated with a space rate such that essentially the entire reactor chamber is occupied by a dilute fluidized bed. Particulate solids elutriated with the exhaust gases are returned to the reactor chamber to thereby conserve the heat generated in the reactor chamber.

A fluidized bed incinerator is provided with feed pipes which are downwardly directed or vertically oriented and have access to the reaction chamber. Secondary air is introduced into the reaction chamber at a point above the fluidized bed through pipes which are concentric with the feed pipes and spaced...     

A fluidized bed apparatus having an outer vessel provided at a lower region with a plenum chamber as well as a grid situated directly above the plenum chamber and carrying a plurality of nozzles through which gas flows from the plenum chamber into the space in the vessel above the grid. These nozzles...     

A heated fluidized bed is formed by rotating a body of sand in a horizontal cylindrical drum, lifting and dropping sand from the bed through the open portion of the drum, and heating the region through which the sand drops. The drum is formed by a cylindrical water wall of pipes connected to a water...     

A method of operating a fluidized bed system, typically as a combustor system for power or steam generation by burning high-sulfur coal, which comprises forming an entrained fluidized bed in a first space region containg a first solid bed particle component, such as a hematite ore containing over 90%...     

This invention relates to fluidized bed furnaces. There is an increasing interest in furnaces in which the fuel is burned in a bed that is maintained in a fluent condition by combustion air supplied to the bed, and a fluid to be heated is passed through heat exchange tubes disposed within the bed. Interest...     

A coal-dolomite mixture is ground into particle-sized bits and fed into a downward sloping duct beneath the distributor plate in a fluidized-bed combustor. High velocity air is introduced through ports spaced at intervals along the bottom of the duct, thereby entraining the mixture in an air stream....     

A specially modified and adapted fluidized bed is used for heat transfer between gas streams, which have a substantial temperature differential. The fluidized bed is provided with first and second inlet ports for the gases and first and second upper zones, in respective substantial vertical alignment...     

A fluidized bed, particulate collector system wherein, in one embodiment, the bed particles have applied thereto at the surface thereof, an additive that serves to adhere particulate, once collected, to the bed particles. The bed particles and/or additive may be combustible or may be incombustible. In...     

The air-supply system for a fluidized-bed furnace includes two air conduits for the same combustion zone. The conduits feed separate sets of holes in a distributor plate through which fluidizing air flows to reach the bed. During normal operation, only one conduit and set of holes is used, but the second...     

A fluidized bed furnace for consuming a liquid fuel in which there is a fluidization zone of increasing cross-sectional area adjacent to and downstream of the liquid fuel injection nozzles. This arrangement allows better dispersion of the oil and bed material giving more efficient combustion.

A steam generator in which a high-velocity, combustion-supporting gas is passed through a bed of particulate material to provide a fluidized bed having a dense-phase portion and an entrained-phase portion for the combustion of fuel material. A first set of heat transfer elements connected to a steam...     

An underfeed fuel feeder for introducing granular material into a fluidized bed. One embodiment introduces material into the bed through a perforated cavity-shaped feed nozzle disposed beneath an air distribution plate. A second embodiment introduces material through a T-shaped nozzle disposed above...     

Organic refuse is pyrolyzed to form disposable solids and gas. The gas is washed at a temperature well above 100.degree. C. with wash oil, which is recirculated. Spent wash oil is pyrolyzed with contaminants and further organic refuse. The washed gas is filtered through sorption means to remove acid...     

The invention provides a fluidized bed combustion apparatus comprising in a common structure a plurality of modules, each module comprising: a diffuser bed support arranged to support and fluidize a bed of granular material by means of air diffusion into the bed, feed means for supplying material to...     

A fluidized bed reactor preferably for high temperature and pressure operations featuring reactor components and constriction plate arrangements therein capable of essentially unlimited size scaleup, the invention avoiding common reactor design and operational problems usually associated with the high...     

A cleaning plant positioned within an annular fluidized bed combustion chamber is divided into a plurality of separate cleaning stages, wherein a first stage is located adjacent the fluidized bed and additional stages are arranged within the first stage. Each stage comprises a plurality of separate cleaning...     

An incinerator including a first combustion chamber having a rotatable hearth for initially drying and partially burning waste materials and a second combustion chamber comprising a fluidized bed furnace for receiving the partially burnt materials from the first chamber and completing the burning thereof.

A thermal reactor, for example an incinerator, in which an upstanding partition wall in a furnace vessel defines adjacent, interconnecting compartments each containing a bed of particulate material, said beds being fluidized to different extent whereby a cascade of particulate bed material flows across...     

A fluidized bed incinerator is split along horizontal planes into three parts, viz. an upper part, an annular section comprising the region in which the fluidized bed and any pipe coils for cooling the bed are situated, and an underlying windbox. The annular middle section can be readily replaced simply...     

A novel thermal reactor or incinerator of a fluidized bed type is provided wherein residua which have descended to the bottom of the fluidizing bed are transferred to a discharge opening by a plurality of hollow cylindrical rotors disposed above the bottom plate of a vessel of the reactor or incinerator,...     

A fluidized bed boiler feed system for the combustion of pulverized coal. Coal is first screened to separate large from small particles. Large particles of coal are fed directly to the top of the fluidized bed while fine particles are first mixed with recycled char, preheated, and then fed into the interior...     

This invention relates to fluidized bed combustors and provides for the operation of such combustors so that the bed forms an upper fluidized layer and a lower, more static, layer into which larger particles may fall to be drained away.

A boiler wherein the combustion unit includes a fluidized bed which may be fluidized in a non-uniform manner to effect circulation of bed material by means of dual air distributors located within the bed.

A boiler in which the combustion unit includes a fluidized bed which may be fluidized in a non-uniform manner to effect circulation of the bed material. Heat exchange takes place between the combustion products and working fluid located in tubes located above the fluidized bed and also, optionally, within...     

A fluidized combustor is provided with a burning zone having cooling passages in its upper portion and a lower portion beneath said passages yet deep enough so that material therein may be operated in a fluid bed combustor mode with cooling by fluidizing excess air, a separate zone being provided for...     

Method and apparatus for pyrolyzing agglomerative coals which comprises introducing a fluidized bed of hot char particles into a pyrolysis chamber or reactor, and injecting upwardly into the chamber a high velocity jet of agglomerative coal particles in a carrier gas, the fluidized hot char particles...     

This invention relates to an apparatus of regenerating fluidizing medium employed in a fluidized-bed incinerator, wherein the sticking matter attached to the fluidizing medium employed in the incinerator in the process of burning up in the incinerator the ash collected from power plant boiler exhaust...     

An improved fluidized bed reactor of the type having dual shells spaced apart to define a gaseous fluid inlet passageway which is in communication with a source of gaseous fluid and a gaseous fluid distribution partition to form within the inner shell a reaction zone and having a heat exchange unit in...     

A fluidized bed coal reactor includes a combination nozzle-injector ash-removal unit formed by a grid of closely spaced open channels, each containing a worm screw conveyor, which function as continuous ash removal troughs. A pressurized air-coal mixture is introduced below the unit and is injected through...     

An arrangement that utilizes agglomerating coal as a binder to bond coal fines and recycled char into an agglomerate mass that will have suitable retention time when introduced into a fluidized bed 14 for combustion. The simultaneous use of coal for a primary fuel and as a binder effects significant...     

The constriction plate of a fluidized bed incinerator is divided into a plurality of smaller perforated plate elements which are attached to an underlying frame structure with a mutual spacing corresponding to the heat expansion which the elements are subjected to during operation of the incinerator....     

The constriction plate in a fluidized bed incinerator is pivotally mounted for swinging movement down into the windbox. Thereby, the fluidized bed can be rapidly emptied into the windbox, whereby heat sensitive members in the incinerator will not be damaged by the hot refractory particles in the bed.

A process for desulfurizing fuel wherein a fuel is introduced and burned in a first fluidized bed and wherein a second fluidized bed is utilized to treat the products of combustion from the first fluidized bed.

A fluid-bed furnace has at least one combustion chamber, preferably two side-by-side, housing a bed of incombustible particulate material to be fluidized when burning fuel fed thereto. Bed fluidization is by forced release in the incombustible material of combustion promoting gas, normally air, from...     

The bottom wall of a combustion chamber for fluid-bed combustion is formed as a membrane wall consisting of parallel tubes and fins welded between adjacent tubes, preferably in the common plane containing the tube axes. To the upper side of the tubes there are welded sheet metal strips perforated by...     

A fluidized bed firing unit, in which a fluidized bed of comparatively inert material is maintained in a container having cooled or insulated walls and a flow-bottom by means of air entering through flow nozzles in the bottom, the fuel being fed to the fluidized bed after the latter has been heated to...     

A first atmospheric bubbling fluidized bed furnace is combined with a second turbulent, circulating fluidized bed furnace to produce heat efficiently from crushed solid fuel. The bed of the second furnace receives the smaller sizes of crushed solid fuel, unreacted limestone from the first bed, and elutriated...     

A fluidized bed reactor which is capable of burning material containing incombustible matter which during operation accumulates in the form of large particles in the lower part of the reactor, is provided. A discharge system which causes coarse particles to be discharged in a continuous manner without...     

In a fluidized bed reactor having a reactor vessel, two detector vessels are mounted in the reactor vessel near the inside surface of the reactor vessel in the fluidized bed and in the gas outlet region. Each detector vessel contains larger detecting particles and passes the gas in the reactor vessel....     

An integral generator/gasifier system in which a vapor generator is provided that includes an upright furnace section and a plurality of nozzles, each having one end registering with the interior of the furnace section. A gasifier extends adjacent to the furnace section and supports a bed of adsorbent...     

A fluidized bed furnace having a vessel with cooled or insulated walls and an inflow plate. A fluidized bed of inert material is maintained by air nozzles in the inflow plate and heated to the ignition temperature of coal. Pressure pipes deliver the coal and, if appropriate, additives such as lime, into...     

Heat exchanger for gases, comprising a vertical shaft with upward flow of gas between rows of staggered horizontally disposed sets of tubes, downwardly restricted by a gas penetrable bottom (2) and upwardly by the uppermost set of tubes, and over its entire vertical length containing a granular material...     

A fluidized bed combustion device adapted for use with a boiler has an air distributor consisting of a row of generally horizontally oriented, apertured sparge pipes or tubes disposed in a bed of inert particulate material. The center pipes in the row are connected to a start-up burner for receiving...     

A method for safely and continuously pyrolyzing organic material such as contained in municipal waste is presented for use in a two-bed pyrolysis system primarily comprising a pyrolysis reactor and combustion reactor in which several different physical factors influencing the state of fluidization such...     

A fluidizable bed apparatus comprises a container containing a bed of fluidizable particulate material which becomes hot in use. The apparatus is characterized in that it includes at least one passage for the flow of cooling medium therethrough arranged beneath a bottom wall of the container. The or...     

Apparatus and methods for fluidized bed incineration of waste containing phosphorus wherein the bed comprises lime or limestone which negates heretofore existing problems incident to the presence of phosphorus.

A fluidized-bed system for feeding coal or a coal-limestone mixture into a fluidized bed combustor, a perforated horizontal distributor plate dividing the chamber into upper and lower chamber sections, means for feeding solid fuel particles into the upper chamber section, a source of high velocity gas...     

Apparatus and methods for fluidized bed incineration of waste containing phosphorus wherein the bed comprises lime or limestone which negates heretofore existing problems incident to the presence of phosphorus.

A fluidized bed call (10) having a static ignition bed (18) of inert heat storage particles (50) disposed immediately beneath and adjacent to a fluidizing region (44) wherein fuel particles are combusted, characterized in that the heat storage particles (50) are generally spherical in shape, each particle...     

A fluidized bed reactor e.g. for the burning of fuels of different calorific values. The bottom part of the combustion chamber is divided into an outer and an inner fluidization zone by a partition wall adjacent to the distributor plate. Heat transfer surfaces are disposed in the outer fluidization zone....     

A fluidized bed furnace (10) for generating steam (26) is designed to operate over a given load range, for example from 50% of full load to maximum capacity rating (MCR). The air distributor (12) is designed with a constant pressure drop restriction means or "float" (36) in each air inlet (18). As the...     

This invention relates to a fluidized bed for use in heat treating articles, the bed having a container for containing a mass of refractory particles. The container has a porous base and a supply pipe for supplying a fluidizing gas to the underside of the porous base from which the gas will flow through...     

A combustor grid for use in an incinerator having air bars for distribution of fluidizing air. Air is distributed from a source of pressurized air to a configuration of air bars in fluid communication with each other. Each air bar in the grid has an upper surface with air injection ports and side walls...     

A fluidized bed combustion system particularly suitable for use in a residential heating system comprising a fluidized bed combustor housing a combustion chamber wherein crushed fuel is burned to generate hot flue gas, a heat exchanger disposed outside of the combustor in the flow path of the flue gas,...     

Sulfur is readily and efficiently removed from solid fuel in a boiler installation which comprises a hearth for burning and thereby gasifying the solid fuel, the hearth including a grid supporting a fluidized bed of the solid fuel spread thereover, and a tubular boiler body superimposed on, and integral...     

A fluidized combustion bed is divided by a hollow baffle into two regions which are fluidized at respectively higher and lower fluidizing velocities. Exhaust gases and elutriated particles leaving the larger region pass into the freeboard and around the baffle, the particles being deposited after such...     

A boiler or other fluidized bed apparatus has an outlet from the bed and an outlet from the gas stream downstream of the bed for removing material from the bed and from the gas stream. The material removed is passed to screening mechanism which separates materials into relatively larger particles and...     

A hydro-pressurized fluidized bed combustor having an upstanding shell and only a single entry at its bottom for admission of feedstock. Inside the shell an entry conduit is outwardly flared in the upward direction to furnish a controlled expansion entry feeding into the fluidized bed. An injector pump...     

A fluidizable bed combustion chamber comprises an intermediate partition (2,7) which divides the chamber into an upper combustion space (1a) and a lower plenum (1b) and which is provided with means (4,4a,8) for injecting fuel into the upper combustion space in which, during use of the combustion chamber,...     

In a calcining furnace usable particularly for regenerating sands used in casting boxes and cores, a bed of refractory particles is fluidized by means of a combustible gas which is fed into the bed together with air, so as to enable the combustible gas to burn. The base wall on which the bed of refractory...     

A bottom of a combustion chamber of a fluidized bed firing system is penetrated by coal nozzles for introducing a coal/air mixture, and by air nozzles for injecting combustion air into the fluidized bed. A plate provided with openings is arranged in spaced relationship above each coal nozzle for achieving...     

An incinerator for burning waste material employs an additional grate on which waste material is burned, thereby producing a layer of heated ashes and coke. The smoke and gases produced by the burning waste material are caused to be passed downwardly through this very hot layer of coke, thereby raising...     

A fluidized bed shell boiler for producing steam or hot water or a fluidized bed hot gas generator or incinerator in which the position at which bed material is deposited downstream of the bed is controlled. A baffle of firebrick with gas-flow passages extending through the baffle is positioned in the...     

A wall arrangement for a shell type chamber in which the wall is provided with gaps between them enabling expansion when the temperature of the chamber is increasing. The particular arrangement further provides means for preventing inert material packing said gaps which would prevent expansion of the...     

An apparatus for safely and continuously pyrolyzing organic material, such as contained in municipal waste, in a two-bed pyrolysis system including a pyrolysis reactor and combustion reactor in which several different physical factors influencing the state of fluidization, such as amount of sand in the...     

At least one movable nozzle (14) is mounted in an opening (18) in the wall of a fluidized bed reactor (22). Solid feed materials (62) in granular form are conveyed to the nozzle (14) and injected into the reactor (22). By changing the direction of the solids injection flow stream, the mixing, residence,...     

A method for incinerating material is disclosed wherein a vertical thermal reactor of the fluidized bed type is employed, the reactor being generally a rectangular shape in a horizontal section and having opposed side walls. Fluidizing medium is subjected to different mass flow at the center portion...     

A fluidized bed combustor has its fluidizing chamber in thermal contact with a surrounding heat exchanger. A lined base portion of the chamber capable of containing the bulk of bed material while the bed is slumped is adapted to retard heat transfer from the bed. Thermostat linked devices in the bed...     

A boiler is adapted for solid-fuel firing by connecting with an existing combustion chamber of the boiler. Apparatus comprising a bed of particles with means for feeding solid fuel and primary air to the bed. Secondary air is fed to the existing combustion chamber of the boiler with heated gases which...     

The present invention is directed to a fluidized-bed combustion apparatus provided with a U-shaped combustion zone. A cyclone is disposed in the combustion zone for recycling solid particulate material. The combustion zone configuration and the recycling feature provide relatively long residence times...     

A fluid bed combustor comprising a plurality of fluidized bed stages interconnected by downcomers providing controlled solids transfer from stage to stage. Each stage is formed from a number of heat transfer tubes carried by a multiapertured web which passes fluidizing air to upper stages. The combustor...     

A reactor in which a plurality of vertical panels are disposed in a vessel and are constructed and arranged so as to form three combustion cells. Three of the panels each form a common wall between adjacent cells, and each cell is heated by a fluidized bed.

A fluidized bed combustion system for burning fuel particles, such as coal. The system includes a housing defining a first combustion region. An endless, flexible, perforate belt is shiftably mounted in the housing for supporting coal particles of relatively large size. A blower below the belt creates...     

A fluidized bed gasifier (10) for gasifying a first fuel (50) receives heat indirectly from a combusting fluidized bed (24) disposed at least partially within the gasifier fluidized bed (12). Fuel for the combusting bed (24) may be provided by removing a portion of the fluidized first fuel from the gasifier...     

A method and system for injecting coal and process fluids into a fluidized bed gasification reactor. Three concentric tubes extend vertically upward into the fluidized bed. Coal particulates in a transport gas are injected through an inner tube, and an oxygen rich mixture of oxygen and steam are injected...     

The specification describes arrangements in which the attemperation or control of the temperature of a fluidized bed in a fluidized bed combustion unit effected by means of the mixture of a variable proportion of inert gas with fluidizing air fed to the bed may be supplemented with steam. Supplementation...     

The carbon content of the residue from combustion of agricultural waste products is controlled and the fly ash content of the gaseous exhaust minimized by utilizing a portion of the combustion supporting air to enhance fluidization of the waste products above a fixed bed while being agitated by a rotating...     

A combustion boiler is described for use with low quality feedwater. A combusting fluidized bed is circulated through a substantially vertical elongated combustion chamber in an upward path from the lower end of the combustion chamber to the upper end. A single layer of a tubular fluid conduit surrounds...     

A fluidized bed combustion apparatus in which in the free-board above the bed at least one system of plates or baffles inclined with respect to the vertical is arranged so that at least one upwardly directed channel having internally at least one group of two opposed arrays of superimposed inclined plates...     

Fluidised bed combustor comprising a housing (10) and an air diffuser bed support arrangement (12, 14, 15, 16) disposed in the housing (10) to support and fluidise a bed of material (11) in the housing (10) in such a manner that there is formed in the bed (11), a combustion zone (17) in which material...     

A boiler comprising a fluidized bed combustion chamber which communicates with an exchange enclosure containing water tubes heated by the combustion tubes and within which is arranged an exchange and dust removal chamber equipped with water tubes and containing a vertical internal partition dividing...     

A furnace for burning sawdust wherein combustion of the fuel is complete and recovery of heat of combustion is high, which incorporates an aspirator for controlling combustion of the fuel and for secondarily recovering heat from the products of combustion, and additionally for cleaning the exhaust gases....     

An installation for gasifying coal in a fluidized bed under high pressure has a vessel resistant to the high pressure and a reactor disposed in the interior of the vessel and having a principal chamber constituting a gasification chamber which permits the establishment of a principal fluidized bed of...     

A fluidized bed furnace and boiler for the combustion of flyash with a moisture content of 45% by weight. The flyash is produced as a by-product of a coal gasification process and transported in water to a slime dam. From the slime dam a slurry of flyash and water is initially thickened in a gravity...     

Description is of fluidized bed shell boiler arrangements in which the sides of the bed within the furnace tube are generally vertical, being provided by vertical walls within the furnace tube. The bed walls may include water tubes or be substantially vertical portions of arcuate panels mounted within...     

The air dispersion plate at a lower part of a fluidized bed combustion furnace is provided with a large number of air injection nozzles uniformly distributed therethroughout and made of a porous refractory material having good air permeability and high heat and wear resistances. All of the fluidizing...     

A fluidized bed combustion apparatus in which in the free-board above the bed at least one system of plates or baffles inclined with respect to the vertical is arranged so that at least one upwardly directed channel having internally at least one group of two opposed arrays of superimposed inclined plates...     

The carbon content of the residue from combustion of agricultural waste products and the fly ash content of the gaseous exhaust is controlled by regulated inflow of the combustion supporting air in a plurality of flow stream at different velocities to enhance fluidization of particulate feed in a bed...     

A fluidized bed combustor having a velocity control zone for developing optimum aerothermodynamic conditions for improved combustion, fluidized bed operation, and heat transfer capabilities.

In a two-stage combustion method first and second circulating fluidizing bed systems are utilized. The first bed system is operated under reducing (sub-stoichiometric) conditions so as to minimize NO.sub.x formation. Solids in the flue gases are separated and returned to the first bed system, while the...     

A bed of high-sulfur coal is burned in transit through a furnace on a horizontal or inclined travelling grate. Low pressure air is fed upwardly through the bed in quantities sufficient to react with most of the carbon content of the coal, from which sulfureous gases arise. High pressure air is blasted...     

A fluidized bed process and apparatus for uniformly drying particulized wet wood material or waste, commonly called hog fuel, from in excess of 50% moisture content to a 30% level suitable for burning as boiler fuel without generating "blue haze" air pollution typical of conventional rotary dryers. The...     

A fluidized bed process and apparatus for uniformly drying particulized wet wood material or waste, commonly called hog fuel, from in excess of 50% moisture content to a 30% level suitable for burning as boiler fuel without generating "blue haze" air pollution typical of conventional rotary dryers. The...     

A vibratory fluidized bed reactor vibrates a solid particle bed to fluidize the bed, and air or other gaseous stream is injected into the bed. The reactor can employ a rotationally-vibrated bowl or a linearly-vibrated pan. The vibratory motion keeps the particles evenly distributed and prevents blowholes...     

A fluidized bed combustion apparatus, system and process in which the turbulent fluidized motion is imparted to the particles to be burned by mechanical means. The bed of combustible material may be fluidized on a fluidizing support screen which is vibrated by a motor drive. The fluidizing force may...     

Industrial furnace for the combustion of solid, liquid, pasty or gaseous fuels, including at least two fluidized beds through which hot gas passes from the bottom, and which are offset in height in the transport direction of the fuel into the combustion chamber according to a reciprocal delimitation...