With heat exchanger

A solar heat exchanger comprises: A. a base and an extended surface thereon for facing frontwardly toward the sun, B. means communicating with said surface to conduct liquid to flow in dispersed condition adjacent said surface, and C. a sheet overlying said surface and spaced therefrom sufficiently closely...     

A solar water heating device and construction for heating the water in a swimming pool from the heat derived from the rays of the Sun. The pool is constructed with a border platform or coping around its edges with a hollow passageway under the metal top surface of the coping. The passageway has water...     

An environment heating and cooling system comprising a solar collector, heat storage ground well, cold storage ground well and a heat exchange apparatus. Water from a cold storage ground well is heated in the heat exchange apparatus by solar heating fluid heated in a solar collector. The heated water...     

A gas dissociation solar thermal power system in which SO.sub.3 in a solar furnace is heated by a sun ray reflector. The SO.sub.3 dissociates into SO.sub.2 + O.sub.2 + absorption of heat. The SO.sub.2 + O.sub.2 gas is directed through a salt-heat chamber where it recombines into SO.sub.3 and gives off...     

A storage bin may be used in many ways during the year such as: storage of solar-produced heat during the winter; storage of cold during the summer obtained from nighttime cold-producing apparatus or solar cooling apparatus; storage of heat and cold simultaneously for variable autumn and springtime weather,...     

A window portion is interposed between the incident light and a heat absorbing portion and at least one of the heat absorbing and window portions has a plurality of spaced apart reflecting surfaces, separate ones of which face each other and transmit the incident light by multiple reflections to the...     

Discloses a closed-system, solar heat holder for thin-film heating of heat-transfer fluid in a tank. Solar energy, passing through an insulated glass cover, is trapped between the glass cover and an absorbing surface to heat the absorbing surface and thereby a thin film of heat-transfer fluid passing...     

A heat transfer system including a thermally insulated tank defining a chamber therein which contains eutetic salt material for retaining high volumes of heat, the chamber inside of the tank is airtight with respect to the atmosphere, a conduit such as a pipe passes through the walls of the tank at two...     

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a dwelling structure includes a floor heating structure including copper piping embedded within a concrete slab having insulation thereunder, having hot water circulated to the concrete slab conduits from a solar cell unit arranged along an upright outer wall...     

A solar energized steam generator includes a flux collector or projection lens for collecting and concentrating solar energy, and a reflector funnel for enhancing and concentrating the solar energy still further. The lower end of the funnel is connected by means of a conduit to an insulated vault, made...     

A solar energy heat exchanger including a housing formed by parabolic shaped walls and a transparent front plate connecting the walls. A longitudinal focal tube is positioned about the focal line of the parabolic housing. The transparent front plate is faced toward the sun, permitting the rays to pass...     

A solar radiation reflector, including a parabolic-trough reflecting surface, transmits solar radiation in a general line reflection on an upright heat absorber during the winter and early spring months of low to moderate sun angles and a juxtaposed overhanging heat absorber above the upright absorber...     

A closed water/glycol solar heating system for preheating a fluid so as to reduce energy requirements in bringing said fluid up to a desired temperature and holding same, said system including a solar collector having a flexible dome.

A heat or cold storage system utilizing a plurality of channels dug directly into the earth and filled with rocks which are used to absorb heat or cold for storage, a part of such storage being the rocks themselves and a (usually much larger) part being the adjacent earth. Conduit connections are provided...     

An apparatus comprised of a novel and efficacious arrangement of state-of-the-art materials resulting in substantial advantages in both efficacy and, especially, economy over presently known solar collectors. The invention is characterized by a closed, circuitous, solar energy absorbing pathway of especially...     

A solar heating plant incorporating means to condense and focus solar energy on an elongated heat exchange member which is in communication with a fluid which is circulated thru a thermal storage means to heating radiators. An alternate embodiment is disclosed wherein the heating fluid is water and the...     

A receiver for collecting solar energy at high temperatures with low reradiation losses, the invention comprises in a preferred embodiment an insulated cavity absorber wherein a temperature gradient exists from the receiving end of the absorber toward the closed end thereof. The closed end exists at...     

A solar heating system is provided in which is employed a source of a heatable fluid and an arrangement of solar heating panels to receive heat from the sun and heat the fluid therewith. A heat sink is provided to receive the fluid from the solar panels and to store heat received with the fluid. A heat...     

A solar heat storage system including in combination a liquid vessel for storing solar energy and solar heat collection means comprising a network of serially connected conductive conduits arranged in a serpentine fashion and coupled to a source of antifreeze in a closed loop, said plurality of conduits...     

Heater comprises a container divided into upper and lower chambers by a perforated plate. The container is connected to receive heated liquid from a solar collector and deliver it to radiators or the like. The container is equipped with an electrical heating coil for further heating the liquid when the...     

The disclosed invention relates to a solar energy collector in a conversion system. The collector is made from common glass tubing lengths of different diameters and comprises a first outer clear glass cylindrical tube closed at one end, and a glass absorber tube inside the first tube having an energy...     

The solar heating system component combines a surge tank for a closed solar heat collecting system along with heat exchange means for transferring heat from the primary fluid in the solar heat collecting system to secondary fluid flowing in a secondary circuit which is used for a purpose such as to supply...     

The invention pertains to an automatic heat storage system comprising two cooperating sources of heat, two heat storage vessels, and a heat emitting system, the heat being transferred by a heating medium common for the entire system. Preferably, one of the sources of heat is a solar energy collector...     

A system for collecting solar energy in the form of heat in liquid at low temperature, raising the temperature by vapor compressor means and by heat transfer means storing the heat energy at a temperature which is higher than the temperature originally obtained from the solar heat collector.

An inexpensive, highly efficient, durable, and easy to manufacture solar collector of the flat-plate type. The collector includes a heat exchanger having an upper plate, a lower plate, and four triangularly-shaped side plates defining an enclosed chamber, all plates being highly absorbent of solar radiation,...     

High efficiency solar radiation collectors may employ a dual flow path relative to heat transfer surfaces of the collector panel. A major air flow is confined beneath the panel, but a subsidiary (bypass) air flow at an angle to the principal air flow is also employed to suppress natural (free) flow convection...     

The disclosure relates to an air conditioning system employing a heat pump in combination with facilities for thermal storage, evaporative cooling and solar heat collection, as well as solar heat radiation; the heat pump having an indoor heat exchanger and an outdoor heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger...     

A building structure is provided with a conventional air conditioning unit and a solar energized air heater unit. Heated air is drawn from the solar unit and discharged into the structure in response to a thermostat. Means are provided for supplying heated air from the air conditioning unit when the...     

A solar heater comprising two or more containers nested one within the other for the solar heating of a gaseous medium such as air therein. Each container is provided, near its lower end, with a solar radiation absorbing metal sheet which, when it becomes hot, raises the temperature of the air within...     

Efficiency of an open-cycle air conditioning apparatus and method for heating and cooling is improved and the economy of external power is increased both with respect to cost and energy consumption by providing a combination of a primary heater and a secondary heater for heating the regeneration stream...     

A flat solar collector apparatus includes an inner energy absorber plate having a absorber surface and energy transfer passageway connected to a storage unit. A transparent cover is secured in outwardly spaced and sealed relation to the absorber plate to define a sealed air space therebetween. The cover...     

A device for collecting solar energy, for incorporation in a dwelling, especially in a tiled roof, comprises a heat-absorbing plate, ducting for a heat-exchange fluid for extracting heat from the plate, and single or double glazing over the plate, this glazing consisting of a plurality of radiation -...     

A pyramidal solar heater for a dwelling house or other building takes the form of a pyramidal structure formed of translucent plastic or like material having heat absorbing properties and includes a second pyramidal structure spaced inwardly thereof together with an air moving device for circulating...     

A solar energy conversion system that provides for complete utilization of the solar energy impinging on solar collectors by having cylindrical lens type collection panels. This system can be used with separate heat sinks with fluid retained at different temperature levels activated to provide domestic...     

A panel type absorber of radiant energy, applicable in particular as a solar collector, is formed of two shallow trays sealed together as a box. Energy absorbed at one face is conveyed by convection of a primary fluid to a heat exchanger integral with the box and consisting of one or more pipes, horizontal...     

The invention has for its object a solar boiler comprising a surface exposed to radiations, having a plurality of cavities or cells acting as black bodies. Each of the cavities is formed by a blind tube protruding in a space in which a heat conveying fluid is allowed to circulate. The invention may be...     

A solar energy system comprises first and second generally opposed and at partially spaced-apart panels, one of which is exposed to solar radiation, and both of which are at least partially transparent to solar radiation. The edges of the panels are interconnected so that a chamber is formed between...     

An absorption refrigeration system utilizes a solar collector in the heat input circuit.

A method and apparatus for use of solar energy. The method and apparatus has the advantage and benefit of providing for use of all collected solar energy, whether or not there is an immediate need in the home for heating. Solar energy is also used for cooling a home or existing building structure via...     

A solar collector having a reflector element biased toward a parabolic shape by means of forces applied to peripheral edges of the element. The forces can be opposed straight line forces, opposite acting torsion forces, or both, and if a flexible sheet is employed as the reflector element, the forces...     

A solar energy unit comprising a housing adapted to be mounted on the roof of a building or otherwise suitably supported. The housing has a central cavity which contains a reservoir for a heat absorbing liquid. A heat exchanger containing a circulating heat exchange fluid is immersed in the heat-absorbing...     

A solar energy collector structure has been provided which comprises a plurality of at least partially evacuated tubular members arranged in a group and closely packed in parallel axial alignment. The tubular members are joined together to form a tube sheet. A pair of such tube sheets are placed in tandem...     

A storage tank divided into three liquid-tight compartments. The end compartments are liquid storage compartments and are separated by a central non-liquid holding or "dry" compartment fitted with controls, pumps and instrumentation. The end compartments are selectively coupled by liquid carrying conduits...     

For use in heating or cooling a building, there is provided a solar energy collecting system which includes a solar energy collecting device comprising a trough having internal surfaces for reflecting the rays of the sun onto solar energy collecting plates positioned in the trough, the internal reflecting...     

A system is described for controlling the air and radiant temperature, ventilation, and humidity within an enclosed building. The system heats or cools air drawn through the ground and introduced into a conduit disposed below the frost line where it is drawn into the interior of the building. The air...     

A method for the chemical storage of radiant energy in which substituted naphthalenes undergo photochemical dimerization by exposure to radiant energy to form 1,2,2a,7,8,12b-hexahydro-1,8,2,7-ethanedihylidenedibenzo[a,e]cyclobuta[c]c yclooctenes, which on heating, revert to the original naphthalenes...     

A solar energy collection system for a building is described. A solar energy collector is disposed at the exterior surface of the building and includes a solar energy absorbent body having a surface which is exposed to sunlight and from which solar energy can be transmitted as sensible heat. A panel...     

An integrated, completely automatic solar heating and cooling system for buildings is disclosed. The system includes a first and a second interconnectable cooling/heating subsystem each of which includes a group of solar heat collecting panels, a heat storage reservoir, and a piping network for transferring...     

An absorption refrigeration system utilizes a solar collector in the heat input circuit and includes means within the collector housing for condensing water vapor released from the absorbent solution. Ambient air abstracts heat from the vapor and causes condensation thereof.

Apparatus and methods for concentrating and collecting solar energy are disclosed. In accordance with the invention, solar energy is concentrated by economical refringent lenses or lens systems including fluid lenses and/or Fresnel-type lenses. The lenses concentrate the solar energy preferably along...     

In the present invention, a plurality of containers provide for heat storage in water or other fluids, or solids, or both, plus domestic water heating. There is good quality heat exchange going in to storage and going out to points of use. Space heating may be accomplished by hot air, or by hot water...     

A novel heat pump using solar energy and the heat of dilution of exothermic inorganic salts and organic compounds is disclosed. The heat pump is made up of four parts including a solar energy absorbing surface, a means for diluting the concentrated solution, and heat exchange apparatus to take the heat...     

A heat exchanger of thermoplastic materials, e.g. polypropylene, comprises two spaced-apart headers interconnected by an extruded board comprising a plurality of tubular passages extending from one end of the board to the other; each header having a longitudinal groove in its exterior surface and a plurality...     

A water heater capable of utilizing as one of its heat sources hot exhaust gases emitted from at least one other heat source such as a furnace fueled by a natural resource fuel such as gas or oil, and capable of utilizing as another of its heat sources heat emitted from a fluid heated by solar energy....     

A solar energy collection system utilizing a fluid which dissociates endothermically and recombines exothermically is described. The preferred fluid is ammonia. Solar radiation is focussed onto absorber-reaction vessels from many paraboloidal mirrors. Means for electronically controlling the orientation...     

A heat storage vault in the form of an insulated enclosure having therein a plurality of serpentine pipes each with lengths extending back and forth within the enclosure with the lengths substantially equidistantly spaced both from the closest lengths of the common serpentine pipe and from the closest...     

A system for utilizing and storing solar energy which includes the use of solar collectors attached to liquid tubes or unidirectional heat pipes for transferring solar flux into heat energy for instant uses and storing the heat energy into earth ground for auxiliary and long-term uses. An expanding array...     

A solar heating system for heating a fluid with the infrared rays of the sun to provide a thermal supply to a building usable for heating the building and the domestic hot water supply thereto may have a solar heat absorbing panel for heating the fluid, which panel may be positioned away from the building,...     

A solar collector comprising a heat exchanger duct through which a heat transport liquid is conducted is arranged during operation at an angle relative to the horizontal. An upper portion of this heat transport liquid duct thereby provides a gas collecting reservoir, downstream whereof such duct is formed...     

Heat is stored by melting a mixture of salts contained in compartments between an inner and an outer tube and radial copper fins which taper in radial outward direction. The molten salts solidify upon passage of relatively cold water through the inner tube, but formation of salt deposits on the fins...     

An apparatus and method for removing contaminants from water having solid contaminants dissolved therein. Contaminated water flows across a grid and into a storage tank. The grid utilizes solar energy to heat that water to a predetermined temperature. A heat transfer structure which is dome-shaped and...     

The present invention relates to a method and an improved passive apparatus for absorbing, transferring and storing solar energy as heat, economically and effectively, without pumps, solar tracking devices or electric power. The apparatus comprises an improved trough-type concentrating collector, a heat...     

A thermal energy storage system and method for storing substantial quantities of heat for extended periods of time. The system includes a heat collecting liquid which is in a heat-exchange relationship with a source of heat or thermal energy, a housing containing a large volume of particulate material...     

A radiant energy heat exchanger for use in a solar energy power plant comprises one or more banks of heat exchange ducts, the or each bank of ducts having an inlet and an outlet manifold to receive and discharge respectively the medium to be heated, the ducts all being curved along their length between...     

A heating system for heating a building or the like wherein a working fluid is heated by heat sources such as fireplace heat collectors or solar heat collectors is vaporized, and then circulated in a closed loop to a lower level of the building where the heat is extracted by condensing the vapor back...     

The invention is a solar energy conversion apparatus in which several evacuated, glass tubular collectors are connected together in a liquid circulation system for controlled movement of a liquid between the interior of the collectors and a storage tank. Liquid circulation is controlled by sensors and...     

Thermal energy storage apparatus has a heat-insulating casing containing a length of flexible material extending between a pair of driven mandrels so that the material can be wound on either mandrel selectively. Between the mandrels the unwound material is heated as it passes a window in the casing through...     

A heat storage apparatus and method including a heat storage medium encapsulated within a container and heat exchange apparatus for exchanging thermal energy with the heat storage medium. The heat storage medium may include a salt having a relatively high latent heat of reaction at a relatively low temperature...     

The present invention relates to a solar central receiver or steam generating and superheating unit (20) comprised of a first and a second series of circularly disposed tube panels (21) and (23), respectively. The first series (21) including steam superheating tube panels (12-12') and (14-14') and the...     

A solar collector compressor apparatus for heating and compression of a gas is disclosed in several forms. In one form the compressor is formed of serially connected solar heated heat exchanger tubes. The tubes are connected by pressure responsive valves. In an alternate form solar heated compression...     

A solar collector is formed by a stack of vehicular tires for absorbing solar radiant energy. A series of conduits intercepting the upper and lower sidewall of each tire at locations spaced about 180 degrees apart couple together the hollow interiors of the tires in an air path passing angularly through...     

A solar air and water heater comprises a solar energy collector which is crossed by a forced air flow fed by an electrically driven fan. The solar energy collector has an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe both connected to an air flow control device which is supported by the covering lid of a container...     

A heat exchanger device for use with a solar energy system comprising at least one pair of substantially parallel enlarged heat exchange inlet conduits operatively coupled together within a fluid storage tank to receive heated fluid from an external source to heat fluid within the storage tank and a...     

A system comprising a photoelectro-chemical cell for converting light into electrical energy in combination with cooling means for cooling the cell. A method for generating electrical energy with a photoelectro-chemical cell comprising the step of cooling the cell. A method of reducing concentration...     

High efficiency solar collector apparatus heats throughput liquid or fluid to relatively high temperature.

The solar heat collector includes an enclosure having a solar energy transmitting cover member and a solar energy absorbing base member. Within the enclosure, structure is provided, connected to a fluid inlet, for causing a stream or film of fluid to flow along the interior surface of the cover member....     

An integrated system and the process of its manufacture for the absorption of solar energy and for the release of that energy for utilization as required using modular elements that are pre-cast out of low-cost building materials and which can be designed for use with others of the like kind to form...     

Solar heating systems which utilize the heat of the sun to obtain a continuous pumping action and which do not require constant or periodic care have not previously been available. Herein, percolating action is utilized, in conjunction with reduced pressure within the solar heating system, to provide...     

A system for generating solar energy utilizes a plurality of solar radiation absorption bodies formed as spherical balls which interact with solar radiation focalization devices which constitute paraboloid mirrors in order to effect heating of the spherical balls by the solar radiation which is concentrated...     

A solar energy system employing high-pressure high velocity air as the primary heat transfer medium comprises a plurality of collector panels connected in parallel with each other in a closed loop that also includes an air compressor and a heat exchanger that is connected to external energy utilization...     

The disclosure illustrates an improved reflector for a solar energy collector. The reflector is made up of a thin, vacuum formed, elongated, trough like sheet having a reflective parabolic surface for reflecting and focusing solar radiation. A structural sheet conforms to and supports the thin sheet....     

Solar energy is utilized to convert water into steam for use in driving a turbine which, in turn, is used to generate electricity. At the same time air in a solar panel is utilized to drive another turbine which in turn generates electricity. The water recovered by condensation of the steam is permitted...     

Solar collectors are supported for accurate alignment with the sun through all daylight hours, as guided by a tracking system employing a sensor for light level and subordinate sensors for two axis tracking, each of the subordinate sensors having a relatively long and thin band of view parallel to the...     

A solar liquid heater employing a solar absorber flat plate collector combined in a self-contained unit with an integral liquid storage tank insulated to prevent reversible heat flow and embodying an air flow path over the top of the collector, around the liquid storage tank, across the bottom of the...     

A building is disclosed an integrated solar heating system forming a part of the design of the building by a portion of the heating system being the structural support walls in the form of vertically disposed hollow vessels preferably made of metal. Insulation is applied to opposite sides of the vessels....     

A building for cold districts, the building having a semi-basement and a roof including a room heater unit provided within the semi-basement, heat insulation materials provided on the outer side walls and bottom of the building and also a bottom portion of a narrow space under the roof of the building...     

A selective extraction heat storage assembly (32) for use in a system including a plurality of such assemblies (32a-c) and for use by itself, includes a heat unit (10) connected in parallel with a fluid circulating passage (54) and has a separate unit heat extractor (exchanger) (34) mounted in the unit...     

A heat accumulator comprises a thermally-insulated reservoir full of paraffin wax mixture or other flowable or meltable heat-storage mass, heat-exchangers immersed in the mass, a heat-trap connected to one of the heat-exchangers, and a heat user connected to the other heat-exchanger. Pumps circulate...     

A latent heat accumulator gives up its heat when a heat exchange medium is assed through the accumulator and around a circuit containing an external heat sink. The heat storage medium in the accumulator changes its state from liquid to solid as it gives up heat. In order to prevent heat exchange medium...     

A solar energy collector having an energy concentrating unit and an energy collecting unit is disclosed. The concentrating unit includes at least one converging lens for concentrating the sun's rays onto the collecting unit. Each lens may be blow-formed from sheets of thermoplastic. Each lens may be...     

A flat plate solar boiler, having one face which is exposed to solar radiation to heat a liquid within the boiler, also has its opposing face, or the dark side of the boiler, indirectly heated by solar radiation thereby to minimize heat losses from the boiler and to apply further input heat to the boiler....     

A solar heating system for a building is disclosed. The solar heating system includes a solar collector and conduits leading from the solar collector to a plurality of heat sinks. The conduits contain an antifreeze solution for carrying the heat from the solar collector to the heat sinks. One of the...     

A heat transfer system is provided having a fluid evaporator and a fluid condenser interconnected by fluid conducting conduit and including a volatile fluid as the heat transferring medium. The evaporator is incorporated in a solar panel and the condenser is disposed in heat transferring relationship...     

Apparatus and methods for concentrating and collecting solar energy are disclosed. In accordance with the invention, solar energy is concentrated by economical refringent lenses or lens systems including fluid lenses and/or Fresnel-type lenses. The lenses concentrate the solar energy preferably along...     

An improved solar heating system in which the incident radiation of the sun is absorbed on collector panels, transferred to a storage unit and then distributed as heat for a building and the like. The improvement is obtained by utilizing a storage unit comprising separate compartments containing an array...     

A desalinazation apparatus has the bulk of its piping circuitry composed of black iron pipe, or similar pipe, which is normally subject to corrosion by sea water. Heat transfer to a salt water still includes indirect heat transfer by a thermal oil which is contained in the black iron pipe. A solar collector...     

Disclosed are solar energy systems which provide for the distillation of liquids and/or the production of electricity using photovoltaic cells. Apparatus are disclosed which include an undulated system for conducting the liquid to be distilled, a linear lens disposed to concentrate solar energy on or...     

Disclosed is an improved solar air heater which comprises an air fluidized bed unit having: (a) an inlet for incoming cool air; (b) an outlet for heated air; (c) a clear coverplate; (d) a solar heat collector element disposed within said unit for absorbing heat from solar energy entering said unit through...     

What is disclosed is a heat pump apparatus for conditioning a fluid characterized by a fluid handler and path for circulating the fluid in heat exchange relationship with a refrigerant fluid; at least two refrigerant heat exchangers, one for effecting heat exchange with the fluid and a second for effecting...     

Various systems are disclosed for absorbing radiant heat, especially solar heat, by evaporating a refrigerant, and for releasing the heat thus absorbed to a medium to be heated, by condensing the evaporated portion of the refrigerant. The refrigerant fluid loop includes (1) an evaporator, or solar collector,...