Metal or metal oxide

Dense coherent composition of matter composed essentially of, on a weight basis, 10 to 30% aluminum-base metal phase finely interspersed throughout a mass of substantially submicron size crystals of at least 60% magnesium aluminate spinel, 0 to 10% alpha alumina, 0 to 2% mullite and 0 to 5% magnesium...     

An improved process and equipment for seed defiberization, for example cottonseed delinting, wherein the seed is defiberized by contact with particular abrasive surfaces. In one preferred embodiment, a conventional cotton-seed delinter is equipped with an abrasive faced cylinder instead of the conventional...     

The present invention is directed to an improved cutting tool blank formed by hot pressing a mixture of finely divided high-purity alumina and from about 0.05% to 0.35% of magnesia. Up to 0.10% nickel oxide may be present. The hot pressing temperatures are effected at a temperature in the range of about...     

A grinding wheel is made by locating a grindstone element in a molding tool and injection-molding a supporting part so that a portion of the grindstone element is embedded in the supporting part and securely bonded thereto by the molding operation. Recesses in the embedded portion of the grindstone element...     

A boron abrasive is produced by crystallization of amorphous boron in the presence of and/or admixture with heavy metal borides. Boron filaments may be crystallized by being subjected to elevated temperatures, less than the melting point of boron, prior to shearing into short lengths and grinding into...     

An improved diamond abrasive tool and method of manufacture characterized by a direct brazing technique of diamond crystals to a substrate surface which requires no pre-conditioning of the surface of the diamond in order to obtain the necessary wetting thereof. The method employed utilizes readily available,...     

A wear-resistant shaped body comprises a core of a hard metal body and a surface coating on the core, with the hard metal body core containing at least one carbide suitable as a hard material and at least one binder metal. The surface coating is composed of two superimposed layers including an outer,...     

Polishing compositions for highly filled resin-bonded dental restorations comprising a dispersion of alumina having a particle size less than about 3.0 microns and for nonprecious metal used in dental construction comprising a dispersion of said alumina and diamond having a particle size at least equal...     

Abrasive grits are prepared from molten oxide melt by pouring molten abrasive composition between plurality of spaced plates, made of heat resistant material such as graphite or metal to protect surface of molten abrasive from atmosphere and achieve rapid cooling. Abrasive is then comminuted by known...     

A diamond bonding process wherein a metallic workpiece is pre-etched and thereafter diamond is uniformly and densely bonded to the surface of said metallic workpiece in a nickel matrix. A novel second plating of nickel metal more securely bonds the diamonds to the workpiece.

A diamond body and an oxide substrate are simultaneously sputter-etched such that the diamond body is cleaned and a layer of the sputtered oxide is deposited on the clean surface of the diamond body, then a metallic layer is deposited on the oxide layer. This provides a metallized diamond body whose...     

Improved cutting teeth for etched abrading material and process for etching the abrading material are provided wherein the improved teeth comprise substantially flat top posts haing substantially straight or vertical sides. In addition, selected dimensional ratios are maintained between the etched teeth...     

Iron is removed from grits, e.g. crushed corundum by contacting the grits with aqueous hydrochloric acid for dissolving of the iron and provision of a suspension of the grits in the acedic aqueous medium; water is added to the suspension and it is then centrifuged; water is added to the grit-rich fraction...     

A diamond drill coring bit having an annular crown and inner and outer concentric side surfaces. The crown is formed from a number of radially extending composite segments spaced apart circumferentially by a circumferential spacer material, all integrally bonded together. Each composite segment consists...     

An abrasive drill of small diameter is provided with a cored portion that is eccentric, i.e., lacking a substantial concentric portion, relative to the longitudinal axis of the drill. The core, regardless of shape, is located so that during drill rotation all of the surface of a workpiece within the...     

An ophthalmic flat roughing wheel having a circumferential grinding layer made of a diamond-containing metallic matrix having greater diamond concentration in the center than at the edges. The wheel is made by bonding to the circumferential surface of a wheel blank, a diamond-containing metallic matrix...     

The proposed compact-grained diamond material consisting of powdered diamond particles is characterized in that the diamond particles therein are coated with a titanium carbide or zirconium carbide film, which film forms a cellular structure over the entire body of the material, and are bound with copper-titanium...     

A metal bonded abrasive body comprising diamond or cubic boron nitride abrasive particles held in a metal bonding matrix, the metal bonding matrix consisting of cobalt, present in an amount of at least 50 percent by weight of the matrix, and boron in the form of cobalt borides substantially uniformly...     

A polishing foil or plate is made up of a metallic base provided with a non-metallic layer which covers the polishing surface, acts as a polishing substrate and is intimately bonded to the metallic base. Used together with polishing substances, the polishing foil or plate prepares material such as metals,...     

The method of preparing superhard articles consists of placing a mixture of powdered hard-alloy matrix material and diamond grains into a hard-alloy envelope formed from a hard-alloy material, preferably of exactly the same composition as the hard-alloy matrix material of the mixture, with the thickness...     

The rock cutting tip insert of a rock cutting tool comprises two layers, the front layer being harder than the backing or base layer by at least one hundred units on the Vickers Hardness scale.

Hard boron nitride particles of wurtzite and zincblende crystal structure of larger than 50 microns particle size are formed by subjecting recrystallized pyrolytic boron nitride to dynamic shock treatment to create pressures and temperatures in which the stable form of boron nitride has a wurtzite or...     

An abrasive drill of small diameter or "micro" drill, on the order of tenths of a millimeter to about a millimeter in diameter, is provided with a concentric cored portion occupied by relatively non-abrasive material. The filled portion is small enough that during drill rotation all of the surface of...     

An impregnated diamond drill bit having a crown containing a plurality of diamond particles. The crown is formed from a fused powdered metallic matrix that includes titanium carbide and a nickel-manganese alloy. The diamond particles are dispersed within the metallic matrix which is then fused so as...     

A method of bonding a diamond or cubic boron nitride abrasive compact to a second such compact in which a braze alloy layer is deposited on a layer of a transition metal on the first compact, the second compact being then placed on the braze layer and the whole assembly being heated to effect bonding...     

A laminated abrasive body which is in effect a thick compact comprising a plurality of diamond or cubic boron nitride compacts laminated together, joining of adjacent compacts taking place by means of a layer of a metal or metal alloy braze and the thickness of the laminate exceeding 5 mm and the longest...     

An etched metal abrasive formed from a laminated sheet of steel having a top layer of high carbon steel and a base layer of low carbon steel.

A metal abrading material formed from acid etching with a resist pattern comprising a plurality of polygonal shapes with accentuated corners dispersed in a pattern chosen to intermix cutting points with planing edges.

Disclosed is an improved abrasive material particularly useful as a dispersoid in metal matrices to provide articles of use having superior abrasive properties, especially at elevated temperatures. The improved abrasive material typically comprises silicon carbide particulate, the individual particles...     

The invention relates to the polishing of silver-plated, in particular electro-plated silver. The feature of the invention is the provision of a formulation which in the dry, solid state has a high storage life and is free of any toxic components and therefore usable in the home in hotels and in like...     

An abrasive tool for grinding a combined workpiece of a steel with an ultrahard alloy, comprising a grinding wheel comprising a resinoid binding wheel and synthetic diamond abrasive grits held therein, said grits being characterized by selected combinations of grit size, bulk density and grit strength.

Ceramic materials for use in high-speed cutting, comprising Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2 and at least one alkali earth oxide selected from CaO and MgO, the weight ratio of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 /ZrO.sub.2 is in the range from about 95/5 to 99.5/0.5, the molar ratio of (CaO+MgO)/ZrO.sub.2 is in the range from...     

The invention relates to synthetic, non-fused, aluminum oxide-based abrasive mineral having a microcrystalline structure of randomly oriented crystallites comprising a dominant continuous phase of .alpha.-alumina and a secondary phase, to a method of making the same employing chemical ceramic technology,...     

Lead and carbon deposits are removed from the chambers and barrels of firearms by applying thereto a liquid composition having from 45 to 55 weight percent aluminum oxide, from 40 to 50 weight percent of a hydrocarbon oil boiling in the range of about 150 degrees to 350 degrees centigrade, from 3.5 to...     

Ceramic materials intended for cutting and consisting of aluminum oxide with additives of hard carbides or nitrides, particularly titanium carbide, have up to now, because of their sintering inertia, in general been pressure sintered to obtain satisfactory properties. According to the present invention...     

A tungsten carbide-based hard metal comprises 75-97 weight % tungsten carbide. The balance is binder. To avoid using cobalt binder as is conventional, a typical binder composition is 14 weight % manganese, 21/2% carbon, 5% nickel and balance iron.

Extremely tough, strong and wear resistant cold pressed and sintered inserts consisting essentially of from about 4 to 20% zirconia, from about 1-15% titanium diboride, and up to about 10% grain growth inhibiting sintering aid with the balance being alumina.

A polishing method suitable for use in working a surface of a magnetic material such as materials of magnetic head into a mirror-finished surface. The work is placed in a treating liquid cell such that its surface to be worked is opposed by the surface of a lap. The treating liquid contains fine polishing...     

High-toughness, high-wear resistance cutting tool based on alumina are formed by additions of zirconia and optionally refractory metal carbides or nitrides.

An improved diamond aggregate abrasive is disclosed comprising milled saw diamond having an average size less than 75 microns held in a silver/copper alloy matrix which also contains a wetting agent for (e.g. titanium). Tests of grinding wheels containing this new aggregate have shown a marked improvement...     

The invention provides an abrasive body which will generally be of cylindrical shape comprising a plurality of superhard abrasive particles such as diamond bonded together by means of a tough wear-resistant nickel based alloy having a melting point of below 1000.degree. C. These alloys are known as hard...     

An abrasive disk comprising abrasive grains such as corundum, a bonding material, for example a resin, and a filler material. At least part of the filler material is active in the grinding process. Particles of this filler material are provided in the disk in the form of pellets or granules. The pellets...     

A grinding disk comprising abrasive grains such as corundum, a bonding agent such as phenolic resin, and a filler material. At least part of said filler material is an active filler, i.e. a material that acts chemically and/or physically in the grinding process. At least part of this active filler material...     

A polishing process for mineral and organic ophthalmic lenses involves essentially a first step of mixing cerium oxide powder or zirconium oxide powder with (a) an alkali metal or ammonium salt of the condensation product of naphthalene sulphonic acid with formaldehyde, or of lignin sulphonic acid serving...     

The invention provides a method of metal coating diamond or cubic boron nitride particles, the metal being capable of forming a chemical bond with the particles, including the steps of providing a mass of metal for the coating in powdered form in contact with the particles, heat treating the metal powder...     

Abrasion resistant composite cutting tools comprise a particulate material selected from the group consisting of the refractory metal carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides and combinations thereof uniformly distributed in a matrix. The particulate material is of an average particle size ranging between about...     

Novel molybdenum oxycarbonitride compositions are described together with a general method of synthesis. The compositions can be obtained by the relatively low temperature thermal decomposition of an amine molybdate and can be amorphous, poorly crystalline, or substantially crystalline, and can unexpectedly...     

A cutting tool having a high wear resistance is disclosed. The cutting tool consists of a plate-shaped body comprising a sintered cermet layer and a sintered body layer containing high density boron nitride or diamond, said sintered cermet layer constituting the center portion of the plate-shaped body...     

A method for producing compact of diamond particles, comprising: providing a mass of diamond particles and a metallic material capable of dissolving carbon, as infiltrant, with a substantially identical cross section, placing said diamond and infiltrant metal close to but separated with each other with...     

Coated cutting tools and coated cutting tool inserts having improved mechanical and chemical wear resistance under demanding conditions of machining speed, temperature, or workpiece hardness comprise a silicon nitride substrate body having at least one hard, intermediate adherent coating layer of a refractory...     

The invention provides an abrasive body suitable for mounting in a tool for abrading operations, the body including an abrasive compact comprising a mass of abrasive particles, present in an amount of at least 70 percent by volume of the compact, bonded into a hard conglomerate and support means covering...     

Abrasive properties of co-fused alumina zirconia are improved by the addition of from 0.1 to 2% of Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 to the fusion mix and quenching the fused product. Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 ores containing mostly Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 with lesser amounts of rare earth oxides can be substituted for high purity Y.sub.2...     

In corundum abrasive grain which is ceramically coated with ground frit, a binder and fine grain highly abrasive material for the purpose of improving adhesion of the abrasive grain in its processing to resin-bonded abrasives and their use in wet grinding. The fine grain material forms from 1 to 5 weight...     

In a diamond impregnated bit scourer particles in the form of silicon carbide are added to the matrix. The mesh size of the silicon carbide is less than that of diamond and the concentration preferably about 40, if the diamond concentration is 40.

The invention is concerned with the problem of joining ceramic components to metal components. A composite ceramic-metal component is proposed, e.g. a rotor disc for a gas turbine engine (see FIG. 2), in which the main body of the component is made from a ceramic, e.g. Silicon Nitride, but the areas...     

There is provided a method of bonding an abrasive compact to a metal-containing support body, typically a body of cemented carbide, using solid state diffusion bonding techniques. The metal which is used for the diffusion bonding is nickel, copper, cobalt, iron or an alloy containing one or more of these...     

There is provided an abrasive body comprising a composite abrasive compact bonded to a metal containing substrate, typically made of cemented carbide, through a bonding layer comprising nickel, copper, cobalt, iron or an alloy containing one or more of these metals. The abrasive body has particular application...     

An abrasive body which comprises a cubic boron nitride compact bonded to a substrate. The compact has intergrowth between the cubic boron nitride particles which provides it with good thermal conductivity and has major surfaces on each of opposite sides, the one surface being bonded to the substrate...     

A composite material is described which includes a mixture of individual diamond crystals and pieces of precemented carbide. The mixture is heated and pressurized to create intercrystalline bonds between the diamond crystals and chemical bonds between the diamond crystals and the precemented carbide...     

In a method of making a polishing element a photoresist film 2 is first deposited on a surface of metal stock 1. A photomask 3 is then used to selectively cover portions of the deposited photoresist film 2. Thereafter, portions of the photoresist film 2 which are not covered by the photomask 3 are removed...     

Disclosed is an improved implement comprising a cemented carbide supported composite abrasive compact which is brazed to a cemented carbide substrate with a brazing filler metal having a liquidus substantially above 700.degree. C. The composite compact preferably is a composite polycrystalline diamond...     

Rare earth glass-polishing compositions of improved homogeneity and reproducibility are prepared by (a) simultaneously continuously admixing a cerium salt solution, a basic solution and a solution of at least one acid and/or one salt, the anion or anions of which being adopted to form insoluble rare...     

Grinding stones, especially resinous and metallic grinding stones which have a controlled distribution of abrasive grains are made by a novel method, in which electrically conductive layers of such pattern which controls sites to be bonded with the grains are formed on the selected surface of a binder...     

In a process for producing hard grinding elements, a synthetic resin having a dynamic viscosity of less than 10 mPa.s is used as the binder. By adding this binder, the mixture of abrasive grains, binders, and fillers is highly thixotropic and can easily be liquefied by vibration and can be filled into...     

A ceramic material for cutting tools is provided. The ceramic material has a high thermal conductivity and an excellent resistance to chipping failure and comprises a total of 10 to 40% by weight of titanium boride and titanium carbide, and 0.5 to 10% by weight of zirconia, the balance being alumina...     

A cutting insert is provided with a core having upper and lower surfaces and a recess in the upper surface. Crystal portions containing a dispersion of super-hard crystals are disposed at predetermined locations on the periphery of the upper surface of the core outside of the recess, and a layer of metal...     

In a method of removing second phase from an abrasive compact, the invention provides the improvement of forming a hole in the compact prior to or during the removal step. The compact is typically a diamond compact having a cobalt second phase. The preferred removal method is by leaching using as a leach...     

A method of making aggregated diamond abrasive particles comprising forming a mixture of diamond abrasive particles and a powdered metal, heating the mixture to sinter the metal followed by cooling to produce a mass and crushing the mass to obtain the aggregated particles, characterized in that the particles...     

A ceramic compact having a high transverse rupture strength is provided by a low cost sintering method. This ceramic compact comprises 55 to 96% by volume of a first component, 4 to 45% by volume of a second component and at most 3% by volume of unavoidable impurities: First Component: ZrO.sub.2 consisting...     

Cerium based glass polishing compositions, well adapted for the polishing, e.g., of optical glass, are comprised of (i) at least one crystalline phase of CeO.sub.2 type, and (ii) a crystalline phase which comprises a rare earth pyrosilicate having the formula Ln.sub.2-x Ce.sub.x Si.sub.2 O.sub.7, wherein...     

Ceramic body formed by reaction sintering at pressures ranging from subatmospheric to superatmospheric of admixed and shaped reactants, which can be elements, compounds, intermetallic compounds and/or alloys, in stoichiometric proportions to substantially form 10-90 mole percent of boride phase or phases...     

This invention relates to organically bonded abrasive articles that include grinding aids. It has been determined that when known grinding aids such as alkali metal sulphates and alkali metal chlorides are cofused in about eutectic proportions and added to thermoset resin bonded abrasive articles in...     

An improved method and formulation is shown for preparing polishing media for superfinishing pure metal surfaces. A combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic silicone surfactants is used to control the porosity and water absorption during use whereby durability is obtained and the catalyst concentration...     

A grinding wheel comprising abrasive grains each of which is coated with a conductive material and a non-conductive binder interposed among said abrasive grains. The amount of said conductive material ranges from 30 to 80% by weight based on said abrasive grains. The abrasive grains coated with said...     

A wear resistant compound body is disclosed which is comprised of a metallic basic material and has a wear resistant zone which includes hard substance and/or hard metal particles in addition to the basic material. The basic material is composed of 0.001 to 1.5 weight percent carbon, 0.5 to 8 weight...     

A ZrB.sub.2 composite sintered material consisting essentially of at least 1% by weight of SiC, at least 1% by weight of B.sub.4 C, at most 15% by weight of TiC, at most 35% by weight of TiN, at most 40% by weight of AlN, the rest being substantially ZrB.sub.2, provided that the total amount of SiC and...     

The working surfaces of nickel-coated substrates for rigid magnetic discs are polished in a single-step process that employs a polishing composition comprising an aqueous suspension of unlubricated aluminum oxide powder having a hexagonal crystal shape and a nominal particle size of 1 to 10 microns,...     

The invention is a process for preparing a sintered polycrystalline compact of cubic boron nitride, the compact produced by the process, and articles comprising the compact. A mixture is formed of cubic boron nitride grains and from 5 to 20 volume percent of binder material, or sintering aid, consisting...     

A cleaning composition which comprises a stable suspension of abrasive particles and viable microorganisms in a water solution containing a detergent.

The ratio of stock removal to tool wear (G ratio) of an abrasive tool having a copper-tin bond alloy with diamond abrasive grit dispersed therein is more than doubled when honing cast iron by including titanium carbide particulate in the bond alloy in an amount of about 0.5 weight percent to less than...     

A polycrystalline diamond disk is bonded to a substrate by forming layers of powdered diamond material and then pressing and sintering the layers to bond the diamond material and to form disks thereof. A surface of one such disk is ground or lapped flat and then placed on a substrate with a disk of a...     

A thermally stable diamond compact which has an alloy of liquidus above 700.degree. C. bonded to a surface thereof. The alloy contains at least 40 percent by weight of silver or gold or a combination thereof and 1 to 10 percent by weight of an active metal selected from the group of tungsten, titanium,...     

A composition for polishing a plastic product, a layer of non-electrolysis nickel plating, an alumite layer or an aluminum product comprises water, a polishing agent of aluminum oxide and a polishing accelerator of nickel sulfate, and is neutral or weak acid.

A wear resistant article, such as a cutting tool. A hard ceramic substrate is coated with a composite ceramic coating having at least two phases. The first phase is a continuous oxide matrix layer 0.1-20 microns thick of oxides of alumina, zirconia, or yttria. At least one discontinuous second or additional...     

Calcium hydrogenphosphate anhydride is disclosed whose crystallite has an average size of 300 to 3,500 angstroms as measured by X-ray diffractometry, and preferably, which has a density of 2.650 to 2.885 grams per cubic centimeters, a specific surface area of 2.5 to 20 square meters per gram as measured...     

Multilayer coated cemented carbides excellent in wear resistance and toughness are provided comprising a substrate of cemented carbide, an inner layer contacted with the surface of the substrate, and an outer layer contacted with the inner layer, the inner layer being a single layer and/or laminated...     

The invention provides a homogenous, reduced scratching, liquid abrasive scouring cleanser comprising: (1) about 10-90% by weight scouring abrasive particles with a Mohs hardness of about 2 to 4, wherein a triple tiered weight distribution of said particles comprises (a) about 20-99% of the weight of...     

Particulate polymethyl methacrylate polymerized in the presence of alumina trihydrate filler provides a superior blasting media for cleaning surfaces, such as for stripping paint from sensitive substrates like aluminum aircraft skin.

A method of producing a magnetic disk by lapping a magnetic disk medium, comprising the steps of: preparing a lapping tape having an abrasive particle layer provided with abrasive particle clusters and chip pockets formed between adjacent two clusters, each of said clusters having abrasive particles...     

A method of making an abrasive tape comprises the steps of preparing an abrasive composition at least from abrasive grains and a binder, applying the abrasive composition onto a flexible substrate, and drying the applied abrasive composition. The step of preparing the abrasive composition comprises kneading...     

This invention is concerned with the production of a hard, tough, thermally conductive ceramic cutting tool insert consisting essentially of a zirconia alloy in a hard refractory ceramic insert. The ceramic cutting tool insert exhibits performance conducive to use in turning operations and/or milling...     

Disclosed is an improved implement comprising a cemented carbide supported composite abrasive compact which is brazed to a cemented carbide substrate with a brazing filler metal having a liquidus substantially above 700.degree. C. The composite compact preferably is a composite polycrystalline diamond...     

A method for grinding silicon carbide to a submicron powder which comprises grinding a silicon carbide feed material having an average particle size of between 1 and 200 microns in a liquid slurry in a contamination free high energy autogenous attrition mill in the presence of silicon carbide media for...     

Diamond or CBN polycrystalline abrasive grit useful in tools for grinding or cutting is made by size reducing and leaching non-diamond or non-CBN material from a compact greater than 1,000 microns in diameter to provide polycrystalline abrasive grit having a size of from about 1 to about 1,000 microns...     

A monolayer diamond tool is made by coating diamond abrasive particles with a carbide-forming metal and then brazing the coated diamond to a tool substrate.

Glass polishing compositions, advantageously recycled into glassmaking formulations, are comprised of suspension of particulate ceric oxide and at least one colorless oxide of a lanthanide or yttrium rare earth, preferably an oxide of lanthanum, samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, thulium, ytterbium,...     

Disclosed is a cutting tool insert of sintered ceramic intended for machining ferrous materials. The insert contains 7 to 29% by volume of a hard substance, 1 to 15% by volume of a metal oxide compound, and at least 70% by volume of aluminum oxide, and a maximum of 0.3% by volume of impurities.

A thermostable abrasive diamond product includes a compact formed of diamond grains representing more than 80% by volume of the compact, each grain being bonded directly to its neighbors so as to form a polycrystalline structure. The empty spaces between diamond grains are occupied by a binder face containing...     

A composite diamond abrasive compact is produced from fine diamond particles in the conventional manner except that a thin layer of fine carbide particles is placed between the diamond particles and the cemented carbide support. The provision of the thin layer of carbide particles reduces the incidence...     

Abrasive compacts are described which comprise a support mass having abrasive masses bonded to each of the upper and lower surfaces of said support mass. Preferably, the abrasive masses are diamond or cubic boron nitride and the support mass is a sintered carbide. Bonding of the abrasive masses to the...