Organic membrane

An in vivo specific ion sensor contains a specific ion electrode and surrounding reference half cell which has its immobilized electrolyte adjacent to and spaced from the specific ion electrode. The specific ion sensor is introduced, for example, into the blood stream by passing it through a cannula...     

An electrochemical cell for measuring the gas content in a solution, said electrochemical cell having a potentiometric ion sensitive electrode and a reference electrode, said electrodes being in electrochemical contact through an electrolyte solution, said electrolyte solution forming a thin, continuous,...     

A chemical sensitive field-effect transistor transducer capable of selectively detecting and measuring chemical properties of substances to which the transducer is exposed. The transducer includes a semiconductor substrate material having a certain doping polarity, a pair of spaced apart diffusion regions...     

Ion sensitive electrodes particularly for use at high temperatures and pressures are described. The electrodes can either include finely divided ion sensitive material in a matrix of low conductivity material, or a thin sheet of a naturally occurring ion sensitive material such as a mica or a silicate....     

The present invention relates to an electrode for measuring the nitrate concentration in aqueous solutions. The electrode consists of a container with an internal reference system and a membrane which is a combination of an organic nitrate sensor phase of a quaternary ammonium salt as electroactive material,...     

An instrumentthat determines the HF and the HNO.sub.3 concentration or other mixed acids or single acid of an acid bath measures the potential difference between a fluoride ion selective electrode and a reference electrode and the potential difference between a hydrogen ion selective electrode and the...     

The invention relates to an insulated-gate field effect transistor which is adapted for detecting and measuring various chemical properties such as ion activity in a solution. The device has a chemically sensitive layer which overlies a portion of a substrate other than that covered by the gate insulator....     

An electrode sensitive to ions in solution comprises an outer tubular body having an opening at its one end, an inner tubular body secured to the other end of the outer tubular body and having an opening at its one end, a tip member threadingly engaged to one end of the outer tubular body and having...     

An ion sensitive electrode comprises a small disc of ion selective polymer for contact with a measuring liquid, the ion selective polymer disc being in contact with a wire of low drift potential relative to the ion selective polymer disc. The invention also includes an electro mechanical measuring arrangement...     

A novel measuring electrode for determination of the concentration of anionic species in aqueous solutions by measuring the potential difference between the measuring electrode and a reference electrode comprising a body provided with an outer surface comprised of graphite or carbon black dispersed in...     

A dry-operative ion-selective electrode comprising: (a) a dried, internal reference electrode, and (b) in contact with the reference electrode, a hydrophobic ion-selective membrane. The ion-selective electrode described herein requires no preconditioning prior to use in an ion-sensing operation. The...     

A selective chemical sensitive field-effect transistor device for use in detection and measurement of chemical properties of substances to which the device is exposed is disclosed. The chemical sensitive FET device comprises a semiconductor substrate, at least one pair of spaced apart diffusion layers...     

An electrode assembly comprising an organic plastic sample flow-through tube, a portion of the wall of which comprises a membrane, the membrane comprising a matrix of an organic plastic material containing a non-volatile solvent-plasticizer and an ion exchange material dissolved in the solvent plasticizer,...     

An ion selection electrode device for measuring concentrations of predetermined ions such as in biological samples in which measuring electrodes are disposed on a planar substrate with their active heads lying within a circle of small radius. A small sample of a liquid to be measured is dropped on and...     

An electrochemical measuring electrode has an ion-selective membrane and direct potential take off via an electron conductor. A diffusion barrier layer is provided between the membrane and the electron conductor for the purpose of reducing or eliminating the sensitivity to faults which can be caused...     

A solid state electrode for use in determining ion concentration in an aqueous solution comprising an electrically conductive element; a first lipophilic-hydrophobic (hereinafter referred to as LH) layer in intimate contact with the element; and a second LH layer in intimate contact with the first layer....     

A compound chemically sensitive element comprises a chemically sensitive assembly which is selectively sensitive to a specific ion or a specific substance in a material to be examined, and a pH sensor having an insulated gate field effect transistor structure, both of which are separately manufactured....     

A thin layer electrolytic cell is disclosed in which the solution being studied is retained around the working electrode and separated from the electrolyte by an annular piece of a current conducting membrane. The membrane is preferably an ion selective membrane, preferably Nafion, a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene...     

In an electrode for determining the potassium ion content of a liquid sample to be tested, the electrode including a membrane having incorporated therein an ion selective component, the improvement in which the ion specific component is a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein each R.sub.1, R.sub.2,...     

Concentrations of large organic cationic species in aqueous solution are measured as a function of potentiometric response, employing a cation-selective electrode having a high degree of selectivity for large organic cationic species with respect to both smaller organic cationic species and inorganic...     

An antibody-selective potentiometric electrode for the quantitative determination of antibodies in dilute liquid serum samples employing an insoluble membrane incorporating an antigen having bonded thereto an ion carrier effecting the permeability of preselected cations therein, which permeability is...     

A solid state graphite electrode to determine the activity of an ion-specie in solution. The graphite electrode of the present invention can be adapted for use as either an external reference electrode, an ion-selective electrode or as an internal reference electrode. The electrode includes, as an electrically...     

An electrochemical electrode device comprising a tubular member having a bottom end adapted to be inserted into a liquid sample to be measured, and a top end which is closed by a cap member including electrical conductors by means of which the electrodes of the electrode device are connected to an outer...     

The gas detection offered by the present invention is characterized by the detection of CO as distinct from H.sub.2. The optimum structure of the device therefor has an electrolytic cell wherein the electrode surfaces of a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode are kept in contact...     

A combination ion sensing and reference electrode and a method for producing it. The electrode is formed of bi-lumen plastic tubing using one lumen as sensing chamber and the other as a reference chamber. A portion of the sensing chamber extends distally relative to the reference chamber, and is permeated...     

An improved potassium ion-selective electrode comprises a support having thereon a metal layer, a metal halide layer, an electrolyte layer and a potassium ion-selective membrane layer. The electrolyte layer comprises a mixture of salts, sodium halide and potassium halide at a weight ratio of sodium halide...     

The invention provides a chemical-responsive field-effect transducer operating in depletion-mode, or enhancement/depletion-mode, comprising: a semiconductor material having a pair of adjacent diffusion regions (1,2) of a certain doping polarity located at the surface and separated by a channel (3) of...     

A chemically sensitive device for monitoring chemical properties is described. The device includes a depletion-mode field-effect transistor. Two electrical leads are connected between source and drain region of the field-effect transistor to monitor changes in current or potential resulting from changes...     

A chemical sensing element suitable for measurement of the activity or the concentration of a specific ion contained in an electrolyte is provided with an optically opaque membrane between a gate insulating membrane and an ion sensing membrane of a field-effect type transistor. Since the opaque membrane...     

A liquid film type, anion-selective electrode of the present invention is suitable for measuring a chloride ion concentration of blood. A sensitive film contains a plurality of plasticizers having different dielectric constants, an anion-sensitive substance and a polymeric support material for supporting...     

Salt bridge liquid for use in potentiometric measurement of blood or a blood liquid. The salt bridge liquid contains Na.sup.+ -ions and HCOO.sup.- -ions in substantially equimolar amounts, preferably in a concentration larger than or equal to 1 M, in particular about 4 M. When this salt bridge liquid...     

An ion selective electrode includes a conductive electrode body which is supported by an insulating substrate. A convex dome-shaped membrane containing an electroactive species is deposited over and is directly in contact with the electrode body and a surface of the substrate surrounding the electrode...     

An improved flow through ion sensing electrode and a method for producing it. The electrode is formed of bilumen plastic tubing using one lumen as the sample path and the other lumen as a sensing chamber. By permeating a portion of the tubing with an ion selective material, an ion selective membrane...     

A pH sensor includes a substrate formed of an electrically conductive carbon material. A hydrogen ion-sensitive layer is formed on the substrate surface. The layer is formed of an electrooxidation polymer of a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound selected from the group consisting of 1-aminopyrene and...     

An improved flow through ion sensing electrode and a method for producing it. The electrode is formed of bilumen plastic tubing using one lumen as the sample path and the other lumen as a sensing chamber. By permeating a portion of the tubing with an ion selective material, an ion selective membrane...     

A device for the measurement of ionic and gas species at high temperatures. Platinum metal oxides are used for the electrical signal paths between electrical elements on the device to make the device particularly adaptable to high temperature measurement applications. Chemically sensitive composite structures...     

An electrochemical sensor device providing long term signal stability through a structure and relation of components effective to provide substantially uniform current flux at all points across a working electrode and a counter electrode of a three electrode system within an electrolyte container having...     

A device comprising a field effect transistor having a floating gate 20 formed on a first surface of a substrate 10 over gate oxide 13a and source and drain regions 11, 12. A responsive layer 15 is provided on the second surface of the substrate and is capacitatively coupled to the floating gate via...     

Disclosed is a substance-sensitive semiconductor and a method for making the same, wherein a substance-sensitive material is combined with photoresist material and applied to an electronic device structure. The substance-sensitive material may be applied before or after the photoresist material, or even...     

A semiconductor integrated circuit for sensing a physico-chemical property of an ambient includes a pair of semiconductor devices (Q1, Q2) having a similar geometric and physical structure, one device (Q1) being sensitive to the property, the other being insensitive to the property, together with a differential...     

A lipid membrane is used as a chemo-receptive transducer for quantitative and semi-quantitative analysis of chemical test species in an electrolyte. The lipid membrane is contacted with an electrolyte containing the test species, and an electrical potential difference is applied across the membrane....     

In order to produce a sensitive membrane electrode with high selectivity with respect to other anions and lipophilic ions or interfering substances, the membrane is based on an unplasticized polymer matrix whose content of electroactive component is between 50 and 90 percent by weight.

An integral ion selective electrode for the analysis of a potassium ion comprising: (I) a support; (II) an electroconductive metal layer such as a silver metal layer; (III) a layer of a water-insoluble salt of said metal such as a silver chloride layer; (IV) an electrolyte layer which comprises crystalline...     

A sensor and a method are disclosed for the potentiometric determination of the ion content or activity of a sample and the concentration of other components (e.g., glucose, urea, triglycerides, enzymes, drugs) of a sample. The sensor comprises ion-selective electrodes which are held in a frame and have...     

An electrode for determining the lithium content of a liquid sample to be tested, has a membrane containing a lithium ion selective compound and a plasticizer, the improvement wherein the plasticizer is a liquid, lipophilic dialkyl phthalate compound or a liquid phenyl phenyl ether compound that has...     

A membrane anchor for an ion-selective electrode may be formed by intersolubilizing an ion-selective membrane lying above a sensing pad with a region of thermoplastic material laterally disposed around the membrane. A first layer of electrically insulating thermoset material lies beneath the thermoplastic...     

In a chlorine ion-selective electrode for analysis of chlorine ion in a liquid sample which comprises a silver metal layer, a silver chloride layer and a chlorine ion-selective membrane, superposed in order, the chlorine ion-selective membrane containing a hydrophobic organic polymer as a binder, the...     

Disclosed is a solid-type ion sensor which does not have an internal liquid chamber. The ion sensor has a laminated structure basically includes an electrically conductive substrate, a redox layer having a redox function covering the surface of the electrically conductive substrate, and an ion-selective...     

A uranyl ion selective electrode having a responsive membrane, an inner reference electrode, and a uranyl ion inner solution is disclosed, in which the responsive membrane is obtained by treating a membrane material with an ion-exchanger comprising at least one uranyl ion complex formed between a uranyl...     

The carbonate ion selective membrane of the invention comprises (a) a polymeric inert support material; (b) a plasticizer effective to solubilize the support material; (c) a quaternary ammonium ion; (d) an ionophore which is preferentially reactive with carbonate ions; and (e) a hydrophobic molecule...     

An ion-sensitive FET sensor has a MOSFET gate isolating membrane whose surface is covered by an ion-sensitive layer. A redox layer having a redox function is provided between the isolating membrane and the ion-sensitive layer to improve operating stability and speed of response. An electrically conductive...     

In a device for measuring ion activity in a liquid sample such as a body fluid comprising at least one pair of ion-selective electrodes selectively responsive to a specific ion, a porous liquid distributing member for feeding a liquid sample to one electrode of the pair of electrodes, a porous liquid...     

The electrode membrane of the invention has high ion-selectivity for lithium ions relative to other alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. The membrane is shaped from a polymeric composition comprising a polymeric material, e.g., a polyvinyl chloride resin and poly(1,2-butadiene), a plasticizer and, as...     

An ion sensor includes an electrically conductive substrate, a redox layer coating the surface of the electrically conductive substrate, a barrier layer coating the surface of the redox layer, and an ion-selective layer coating the surface of the barrier layer. The barrier layer functions to prevent...     

An improved phosphate selective membrane electrode using bis(p-chlorobenzyl)tin dichloride as the membrane active component. In addition to this tin compound, the membrane contains N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), a strong complexing agent for tin compounds.

Ion-selective compositions which comprise an ion carrier, a compound capable of solvating the ion carrier, and a supporting matrix are disclosed. The ion carrier according to the invention is a lipophilic hemispherand compound. These compositions are particularly useful in ion-selective electrodes. Such...     

A liquid film type, chloride ion-selective electrode is provided with the present invention, which comprises a sensitive film containing a polymeric material as a support film material, a tetraalkyl ammonium salt with four alkyl group each having 10-24 carbon atoms as a chloride ion-sensitive substance,...     

A disposable, inexpensive electrode for an electrochemical sensor includes a laminated anode and a laminated cathode. The anode is a film substrate with anodic material such as platinum deposited on the substrate. The cathode is also a film substrate with cathodic material such as silver deposited on...     

An electrochemical reference element is proposed having a metal electrode such as silver coated with the tetraphenyl (TPB) salt of the metal. The element may form the internal reference of an ion selective electrode with an ion selective membrane carried directly upon the TPB coating. The element provides...     

A dip electrode assembly comprising as a key element a porous and a preferably microporous membrane support impregnated with a membrane matrix of an organic plastic material containing a nonvolatile solvent plasticizer and an ion-active material dissolved in the plasticizer, the plasticizer not being...     

An electrode assembly of the flow-through type comprising as a key element a porous and a preferably microporous tubular material impregnated with a matrix of an organic plastic material containing a nonvolatile solvent plasticizer and an ion-active material dissolved in the plasticizer, the plasticizer...     

An ion-selective electrode comprises a non-conductive support, an inner reference electrode and an ion-selective layer mounted in this order. A surface of the ion-selective layer is covered with a material which forms a contact angle of at least 90.degree. with water. By this material, the surface area...     

A disposable, inexpensive electrode for an electrochemical sensor includes a laminated anode and a laminated cathode. The anode is a film substrate with anodic material such as platinum deposited on the substrate. The cathode is also a film substrate with cathodic material such as silver deposited on...     

Several types of new microelectronic devices including diodes, transistors, sensors, surface energy storage elements, and light-emitting devices are disclosed. The properties of these devices can be controlled by molecular-level changes in electroactive polymer components. These polymer components are...     

The surface of a gate insulating membrane of an ion-selective field-effect transistor (ISFET) (10) is coated with a carbon thin membrane (4), and the surface of the latter is coated with an electrolytic polmerization membrane (3) of 2,6 xylenol. The ISFET obtained exhibits hydrogen-ion selectivity, little...     

An electrode, preferably of a conductive polymer, has on its surface, preferably over all of its surface, an ion exchange material, preferably of significant thickness. Such a coated electrode may be used for sensing the presence of measuring the concentration of an ionic species, or for removal from...     

A calcium ion selective electrode having a sensitive membrane comprising an organic polymeric substance, a plasticizer and a calcium ion sensitive substance of neutral carrier type, wherein the dielectric constant of the plasticizer is 10 or less, thus remarkably improving the responsiveness and stability...     

A solid state pH sensor having an indicator electrode of metal/metal oxide and a reference electrode of metal/metal salt applied to electrically conductive conductors, such as electrically conductive cermet conductors and electrically conductive metal pins, imbedded in an electrically non-conductive...     

This invention relates to a semiconductor substrate having a porous surface nd to the amperometric receptor-based sensors formed with the substrate. More specifically, this invention pertains to the substrate in the form of a bipolar junction transistor having a porous hydrophilic surface directly on...     

The present invention provides an ion selective electrode for anions such as Cl.sup.- and cations such as Ca.sup.2+ which has a sensitive membrane comprising a polymer material and containing an ion sensitive material and a plasticizer. In thins ion selective electrode, the ion sensitive material is...     

An electrochemical detection system is described comprising in combination: (a) a multielement, microelectrode array detector containing means for acquiring a plurality of signals; (b) electronic means for receiving said signals and converting said signals into a readout or display providing information...     

Sodium ion selective compositions which comprise an ion carrier, a compound capable of solvating the ion carrier, and a supporting matrix are disclosed. The ion carriers of this invention are hemispherand compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are...     

An ion-selective polymeric membrane for an electrochemical sensor for use in analytical chemistry, comprising a) a supporting matrix e.g. of PVC, and b) an ionophore selected from calixarene or oxacalixarene derivatives of the formula IV ##STR1## wherein n+m=3-8; m=0-8; n=0-8; a, which may be the same...     

An ion sensor of the type wherein a specific type of ion in an aqueous solution is measured by potential response. The sensor includes a conductor base, and a reversible redox polymer film formed directly on a surface of said conductor base. An ion carrier film is formed directly on a surface of said...     

An electrochemical cell is formed by immersing an electrochemical ion sensor and a reference electrode into a solution of interest, the electrochemical ion sensor exhibiting ion selectivity with respect to an ion of interest and having a high electrode resistance. A current which flows through the electrochemical...     

A portion of a board (1) on which copper wiring is printed is provided with a carbon coating, the board (1) and lead wires (2) are joined by solder (3), the portion having the solder (3) is insulated with a silicone resin (4), and the carbon-coated printed wiring portion (10a) is successively coated...     

Phosphate ion-sensitive composition and ion-selective electrode are disclosed incorporating an ionophore having the formula: R.sub.1 --X (a) or X--Z--X (b) wherein R.sub.1 is H or a hydrophobic substituent, Z is a spacing unit and X is represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein n=0 or 1 and R.sub.2...     

The invention relates to a reference electrode for chemical sensors based on ion-selective field-effect transistors (CHEMFETs) in an electrolyte/insulator/semiconductor system. The reference electrode is essentially composed of a polyglutamate-coated insulator/semiconductor substrate or of a polyglutamate-coated...     

An electrolytic sensor is set forth for measuring the amounts of an ionic and of a vaporous species in a liquid. The system has an electrode sensitive to an ionic species and another electrode sensitive to a vaporous species. A unitary membrane covers the electrodes and the requisite electrolyte with...     

A film-coated sensor is formed by providing an electrically conductive substrate (2), which has a sectional area of less than 10.sup.-5 cm.sup.2, connected to a lead wire (5) at one end of an insulative capillary (1) and inscribed in the capillary (1), and providing a coating film (7) at another end,...     

A lithium ion sensor includes a FET, a redox layer having a redox function covering a gate isolating membrance of the FET, and a lithium ion-sensitive layer selectively sensing lithium ion covering the redox layer.

Disclosed is a method of measuring glucose concentration of a sample solution using a glucose sensor having an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor which can detect pH change in the sample solution provided with a glucose oxidase-immobilized film formed on the ion-sensing section thereof, which comprise...     

Self-assembly of a chemically insensitive redox material, such as ferrocenyl thiol, and a chemically sensitive redox material, such as a quinone thiol, onto microelectrodes forms the basis for a two-terminal, voltammetric microsensor having reference and sensor functions on the same electrode. Detection...     

An enzyme electrode is prepared with a composite coating on an electrical conductor. The composite coating is formed from a casting solution of a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, an enzyme, and a carbon supported catalyst. The solution may be cast directly on the conductor surface or may be formed as...     

An enzyme sensor, which comprises an enzyme-modified electrode and a counter electrode, wherein the enzyme-modified electrode comprises, as electrode components, an enzyme and/or an enzyme-containing substance and mediator. The enzyme sensor is useful in analysis, such as the analysis of compounds in...     

An anion exchange membrane for ionic macromolecules, specifically heparin, which is formed of a polymeric matrix material, an anion exchange material suitable for heparin detection, and a plasticizer can be employed in an electrochemical sensor arrangement to directly measure the concentration of heparin...     

An ionophore according to the general formula I wherein the substituents are chosen such that the ionophore is either also polymerized in the matrix of a membrane selective for metal ions or interwoven therewith. Thus obtained is a membrane having a long useful life for use in diverse sensors such as...     

Phosphate ion-sensitive composition and ion-selective electrode are disclosed incorporating an ionophore having the formula: R.sub.1 -X (a) or X-Z-X (b) wherein R.sub.1 is H or a hydrophobic substituent, Z is a spacing unit and X is represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein n=0 or 1 and R.sub.2 and...     

An iodide-doped, polythienylene coated electrode suitable for a potentiometric iodide ion sensor and a method for its manufacture are disclosed. The electrode is prepared by polymerizing the polythienylene on a working surface thereof. To this end, the working surface is contacted with a monomer solution...     

An improved enzyme electrode includes a three-dimensional redox polymer network having redox enzymes bound thereto, and also having a protein excluding polymeric coating.

An improved enzyme electrode includes a three-dimensional redox polymer network having redox enzymes bound thereto, and also having a protein excluding polymeric coating.

A solid state pH sensor having an indicator electrode of metal/metal oxide and a reference electrode of metal/metal salt applied to inert, electrical conductors imbedded in an electrically non-conductive substrate, such as a ceramic substrate. The sensing portion of the sensor preferably has a coating...     

An electrode for a biosensor (e.g., a glucose biosensor) has a layer of an electrically insulating polymer formed in situ on its operating surface by electropolymerization. For example, a diaminobenzene and a dihydroxybenzene (e.g., 1,3-diaminobenzene and resorcinol) are copolymerized on the electrode's...     

The invention relates to measuring the concentration of ions in a medium. The potentiometric sensor of the invention comprises a body (7) in the form of a matrix body made of a single type of material which does not conduct electricity, which is chemically inert, and which is suitable for being filled...     

The present invention relates to a combined semiconductor gas sensor, this sensor is constituted by combining two portions, each of the portions is made of a different gas sensitive material, their resistance exhibit different variation with the variation of the density of a specific gas, a detecting...     

In a miniaturizable, capacitively measuring chemical semiconductor-based sensor system consisting of a sensor and a reference element which are to be brought into contact with the electrolyte to be measured, the reference element being connected in series with the sensor, the reference element consists...     

Ion sensor having an ion-selective electrode and a reference electrode, both being unified, without internal liquid solution. The ion-selective electrode part has a solid solution of halogenide of conducting ions of solid electrolyte and halogenide of metal for an internal electrode, e.g., NaCl-AgCl...     

An improved perfluorinated, ion-exchange polymer, either in the form of a membrane or a thin film useful as the electrolyte in chemical sensors. The polymer is treated with an acid, such as boric acid or a mixture of boric acid and phosphoric acid, to maintain the ionic conductivity of the polymer to...     

A method is disclosed for producing Ag/Ni composite ion selective electrode on polymer substrates. By utilizing a nitrogen glow discharge pretreatment of the polymer substrate, silver may be deposited directly thereon. Further, because of the glow discharge pretreatment, aging of the silver layer prior...     

A sensor device for measuring the concentration of an analyte in solution is described. The device includes a composite membrane which incorporates a porous membrane containing an immobilized biologically-active protein and at least one other membrane. The other membrane may optionally be a blocking...