Phenyl benzoate derivative

In a nematic liquid crystal composition, the improvement wherein said composition comprises predominantly by weight a mixture of I. Compound I ##SPC1## wherein one of X and Y is a strong electronegative group and the other of X and Y is R.sup.4, R.sup.4 O-, ##EQU1## R.sup.4 being an alkyl radical having...     

An electro-optical cell comprises, on an optical path: front and back electrode base plates each comprising a transparent base plate having an inner surface, an electrode film provided on said inner surface, and an optically active poly-.alpha.-amino acid film provided on said inner surface over the...     

By incorporating at least one of p-n-alkylcyanobenzene, p-cyanobenzylideneaniline and p-cyanophenyl p'-n-octyloxybenzoate into a Schiff base type nematic liquid crystal composition having negative dielectric anisotropy, a nematic liquid crystal composition having positive dielectric anisotropy is obtained....     

Liquid crystalline mixtures comprising at least three compounds of the formula ##SPC1## Wherein R is n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl or n-octyl, which may additionally contain other nematic or non-nematic substances, are described. The liquid crystalline mixtures are useful, for example, as dielectrics...     

Liquid crystal substances or compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is ##STR2## and R is straight-chain alkyl, straight-chain alkoxy, straight-chain alkanoyloxy or p-alkyloxycarbonyloxy, As well as compositions and electro-optical apparatuses containing them, are described.

Compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein n is 0, 1 or 2, R.sub.1 is straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy of 1-7 carbon atoms or straight-chain alkanoyloxy of 2-7 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy of 1-7 carbon atoms with the proviso that when n is 0, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together...     

Compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein n is 0, 1 or 2, R.sub.1 is straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy of 1-7 carbon atoms or straight-chain alkanoyloxy of 2-7 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy of 1-7 carbon atoms with the proviso that when n is 0, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together...     

A liquid crystal display device comprises a cell of opposed plates, each of which is unidirectionally rubbed, the directions of rubbing being perpendicular to each other and polarizer and analyzer plates at the exterior surfaces of the cell. The cell contains a nematic liquid crystal composition having...     

A liquid crystal cell consisting of two planar supports and a spacer interposed between them only on the margin, said supports being fixed at intervals of a limit by the spacer to form an aperture, has at least one opening through which the liquid crystal material is poured into said aperture. The openings...     

A liquid crystal display device uses nematic liquid crystal compounds having a high positive dielectric anisotropy for rotating the plane of polarized light. The optical activity of a composition including such materials can be eliminated by impressing a sufficiently high voltage across a cell containing...     

Nematic liquid crystal compositions having positive dielectric anisotropy are obtained by mixing at least one of p-n-alkylphenyl-p'-cyanobenzoates represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 is n-alkyl group of 3 to 8 carbon atoms with at least one of p-cyanophenyl-p'-n-alkylbenzoates represented...     

A non-liquid crystal organic compound having positive dielectric anisotropy is mixed with a nematic liquid crystal composition having negative dielectric anisotropy to obtain a nematic liquid crystal composition having positive dielectric anisotropy, which is used as an electro-optical element. Thus,...     

Liquid crystal compositions consisting essentially of certain N-(p-alkyloxybenzylidene)-p-alkylanilines with certain p-alkoxyphenyl-p'-alkylbenzoates and/or p-alkylphenyl-p'-cyanobenzoates exhibit a glassy structure at low temperatures, rather than a solid crystal form. The compositions also have a broad...     

Liquid crystal substances or compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is ##STR2## and R is straight-chain alkyl, straight-chain alkoxy, straight-chain alkanoyloxy or p-alkyloxycarbonyloxy, As well as compositions and electro-optical apparatuses containing them, are described.

Liquid crystal substances or compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is as hereinafter set forth, as well as compositions and electro-optical apparatuses containing them are described.

Liquid crystal substances or compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is as hereinafter set forth, AS WELL AS COMPOSITIONS AND ELECTRO-OPTICAL APPARATUSES CONTAINING THEM ARE DESCRIBED.

Liquid crystalline alkylcinnamic acid p'-cyanophenyl esters, useful, for example, for electro-optical purposes, are described.

Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein when X is nitrogen, Y and Z are --CH--; or when Y is nitrogen, X and Z are --CH--; or when Z is nitrogen, X and Y are --CH--; and one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is cyano and the other is straight-chain alkyl of 1 to 7 carbon atoms, straight-chain alkoxy of 1 to 7...     

Nematic liquid crystal compositions for use in displays and in other liquid crystal applications comprising a mixture of a nematic biphenyl liquid crystal material, nematic liquid crystal material other than nematic biphenyl which is incompatible with the nematic biphenyl (e.g. when mixed together, it...     

Nematic liquid crystal compositions consisting of compounds having high stability with respect to moisture-resistance, oxidation-resistance and light-resistance, complete transparency and a wide range of operating temperatures are disclosed. The compositions are particularly useful for incorporation...     

Liquid crystal mixtures of liquid crystalline esters, biphenyls and terphenyls have wide useful temperature ranges, fast response times and a small index of refraction anisotropy which can be employed in liquid crystal cells having improved viewing angles.

The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal indicator, wherein a layer of nematic liquid crystals is interposed between two transparent multi-layered blocks. Each of the multi-layered blocks comprises successively disposed, in a direction from the layer of the liquid crystals, a layer of germanium...     

A liquid crystalline composition comprises at least one kind of biphenyl type liquid crystal materials having the positive dielectric anisotropy and at least one kind of other liquid crystal materials. The novel liquid crystalline composition of the present invention possesses extended ranges of the...     

Disclosure is made of novel temperature sensing devices such as temperature indicating and recording devices. The devices of the invention differ from prior art devices in that they employ new and improved temperature indicating compositions. The temperature indicating compositions of the invention comprise...     

Liquid crystal material suitable for use in small display devices and consisting of one or more biphenyl or terphenyl compounds and one or more ester compounds, whereby low threshold voltage characteristics of one type of compound are complemented by the low viscosity and good response characteristics...     

Nematic liquid crystal compositions containing 4'-substituted-4-cyanobiphenyl and 4, 4'-disubstituted phenyl benzoate liquid crystal compositions which can be actuated at low voltages, e.g., under 3.5 Vrms in a 12.5 micron thick twisted nematic liquid crystal display.

A compound which is useful as one component of liquid crystal composition having superior practical properties and positive dielectric anisotropy is provided. Said compound is p'-cyanophenyl ester of p-(.beta.-alkoxy)ethoxybenzoic acid represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is a straight...     

Novel compounds exhibiting liquid crystal properties have the formula: R-.phi.-.phi.-X-.phi.-R1, wherein R and R1 are, independently in each case, hydrogen or an alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, or alkoxy group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, a halogen, a cyano group, an alkyl cyano group...     

Liquid crystal mixtures having positive anisotropy of the dielectric constants which comprise a nematogenic mixture with a clearing point above 60.degree. C. which is doped with an organic solvent or solvent mixture with a specific resistance of at least 10.sup.7 Ohm.cm. as well as a dipole moment along...     

Novel liquid crystal compounds are disclosed, which are chiral esters based upon the phenol ##STR1## Typical examples are: ##STR2## and mixtures of these compounds have a helical pitch such that the mixtures reflect light of a specific wavelength when illuminated with ordinary light and the pitch is...     

Novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a linear alkyl group containing 1 to 9 carbon atoms. When added to nematic liquid crystals for electro-optical display elements, these compounds enable the liquid crystals to be operated at low voltages.

Novel trans(equatorial-equatorial)1,4-disubstituted cyclohexane derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a linear alkyl group containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms, and R' represents a linear alkoxy group containing 2 to 5 carbon atoms or a cyano group. These compounds are nematic liquid...     

A liquid crystal composition comprising a mixture of at least one kind of liquid crystal substance represented by the following general formula (1) and at least one kind of compound selected from the groups consisting of the compounds represented by the following general formulas (2) to (8): ##STR1##...     

The invention relates to an organic compound having an enantiotropic or monotropic mesomorphous phase. The compound according to the invention complies with the general chemical formula: ##STR1## in which R is an alkyl radical, R' another alkyl radical or an alkoxy radical and the symbol is a radical...     

The disclosure is of a method of modifying the hysteretic behavior of liquid crystal compounds. The method is based on the discovery that there is a relationship between the hysteretic phenomena exhibited by liquid crystals and the viscosity of the composition including the liquid crystals. The disclosure...     

A liquid crystal composition comprising at least one of substituted bipheny-type and substituted terphenyl-type liquid crystal substances and at least one of substituted phenyl benzoate-type and substituted phenyl thiobenzoate-type liquid crystal substances, the composition further containing at least...     

Silicon based liquid crystal compounds produced by the reaction of an isocyanatosilane with a Schiff base, aromatic ester, azo compound or cholesteryl compound. The liquid crystals are useful in those applications in which liquid crystals are currently used and they also have the capability of being...     

New halogenated ester derivatives and liquid crystal compositions containing the same are provided. The derivatives are expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein X is ##STR2## R is 1-15C alkyl group or alkoxy group; and Y is carboxyl group. The derivatives are useful as component(s) of liquid...     

Compositions having liquid crystal phases which contain at least one component consisting of an organopolysiloxane having mesogenic molecules chemically bonded thereto as side chains which are obtained by grafting vinyl-substituted mesogenic molecules to an organohydrogenpolysiloxane. The organopolysiloxane...     

The invention relates to liquid-crystalline nematic mixtures which are used in electro-optical components, as well as to methods for their preparation. The object of the invention is liquid-crystalline mixtures for electro-optical arrangements possessing high positive electrical anisotropy at a high...     

Disclosure is made of novel temperature sensing devices such as temperature indicating and recording devices. The devices of the invention differ from prior art devices in that they employ new and improved temperature indicating compositions. The temperature indicating compositions of the invention comprise...     

This invention relates to crosslinked organopolysiloxanes having liquid-crystalline properties in which mesogenic molecules are chemically bonded to the organopolysiloxane lattices. These crosslinked organopolysiloxanes are prepared from silanes or siloxanes containing mesogenic molecules which are capable...     

Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is straight-chain alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is 1-alkynyl and the 1-alkynyl group in R.sup.2 is a straight-chain group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, their manufacture, liquid crystalline mixtures containing said compounds as well as their use for...     

Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is straight-chain alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkoxy, p-alkylphenyl, p-alkoxyphenyl or trans-4-alkylcyclohexyl, and the alkyl and alkoxy groups in R.sup.2 each are straight-chain groups of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, their manufacture,...     

A compound represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

A liquid crystal for use in liquid display devices comprises at least one material from group 1 comprising: ##STR1## at least one of the group 1 materials having n=2, or 4; and at least one material from group 2 comprising: ##STR2## together with an ester liquid crystal material. The ester forms between...     

The present invention provides a liquid crystal color display panel of improved positive contrast by utilizing the so-called Guest-Host effect.

A phenylcyclohexene of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 1 or 2, X is --H, --R, --OR, --OCOR, --OCOOR, --CF.sub.3 or --F, and when n is 1, X can also be ##STR2## R is alkyl of 1-8 C atoms and when two R groups are present they can be the same or different, has valuable liquid crystalline properties.

Novel liquid crystal compounds having a higher clearing point and a superior stability are provided, which are trans-4-alkyloxymethyl-1-(4'-substituted biphenylyl-4)cyclohexanes expressed by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms...     

Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein ring B stands for 1,4-phenylene or a trans-1,4-disubstituted cyclohexane ring and A stands for a group with 1 to 3 six-membered rings, which together with ring B represents a central group of formulae II-XIII; R.sup.1 signifies a straight-chain alkyl group containing...     

A liquid crystal ester has a structure: ##STR1## where X and Y are fluorine or hydrogen at least one being hydrogen, and Z is either: (a) ##STR2## where R.sub.2 is alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy (b) ##STR3## where R.sub.3 is an alkyl group. The ester may be prepared by a conventional...     

Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sup.2 is a single covalent bond or --COO--; X.sup.1 is a single covalent bond, --COO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or when X.sup.2 is --COO--, X.sup.1 also can be p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --, p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --p--C.sub.6...     

Ferroelectric (chiral) smectic liquid crystal compounds having an achiral core and chiral tail units derived from lactic acid possess the desired combination of properties temperature range, ferroelectric polarization, and low orientational viscosity. These newly made compounds exhibit high speed, multistate...     

A colorless liquid crystalline compound having at least one 6-membered ring and non-cyclic end groups in the molecular skelton, said 6-membered containing two or more carbon atoms, at least one of which is directly bonded to a methylene group of a non-cyclic group having an alkoxy group at another end...     

A novel 4-halogenobenzoic acid derivative useful as a component constituting a liquid crystal composition having a large value of dielectric anisotropy and also a large value of optical anisotropy, and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which derivative is expressed by the...     

Liquid crystal display devices including liquid crystal compositions of cyclohexanecarboxylic esters and esters having an acyloxyl group have excellent time-sharing characteristics, low duty ratio and driving voltage.

A liquid crystal optical device having improved dielectric relaxation at low frequency is provided. The liquid crystal optical device includes a liquid crystal panel having an optically active nematic liquid crystal composition with a dielectric anisotropy which becomes zero at a crossing frequency ("f.sub.c...     

The use of a certain class of liquid crystal materials that exhibit a smectic C phase allows the production of a bistable liquid crystal display element. Such bistable display elements promote the use of matrix addressing for liquid crystal based elements in a display.

Novel liquid crystal compounds having a higher clearing point and a superior stability are provided, which are trans-4-alkyloxymethyl-1-(4'-substituted biphenylyl-4)cyclohexanes expressed by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 8 cabon atoms...     

Liquid crystal compositions including as the main component at least one P, P'-dialkylazoxyhenzene selected from Compounds (1) of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a straight-chain alkyl group of 1-10 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 represents a straight-chain alkyl group of 1-10 carbon...     

Liquid crystalline mixtures containing compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n stands for the number 0 or 1; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 denote single covalent bonds or one of the symbols X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 also denotes --COO--, --OOC-- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; the rings A.sup.1, A.sup.2, and A.sup.3...     

A liquid crystal composition which comprises of at least one compound selected from each of the following groups of compound: the first group which consists of compounds expressed as the structural formulas, ##STR1## the second group which consists of compounds expressed as the structural formulas, ##STR2##...     

A liquid crystal composition comprising at least one optically active liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 stands for a linear alkyl group and R.sub.1 * stands for an alkoxy or acyloxy group having an asymmetric carbon atom, and at least one optically...     

Liquid crystal phases containing at least one chiral, compound with at least two chiral centers in the molecule which are adjacent or separated from one another by an acyclic chain, preferably at least one optically active compound of the formula I R.sup.1 --CHCH.sub.3 --CHCH.sub.3 --R.sup.2 I wherein...     

A liquid crystalline material for use in optic displays has the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can be the same or different and are generally an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or other groups as set forth herein....     

Anisotropic compounds of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## is selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## Z represents a covalent bond or a carboxyl group --C(O)O--, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, and C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy and X.sup.2...     

A nematic liquid crystalline composition comprising (a) a compound represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R' represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms,...     

A novel liquid crystal compound suitable to use as a component of liquid crystal dielectrics and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which compound is a dihalogeno-aromatic compound expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, each...     

A colorless liquid crystalline compound having at least one 6-membered ring and non-cyclic end groups in the molecular skeleton, said 6-membered ring containing two or more carbon atoms, at least one of which is directly bonded to a methylene group of a non-cyclic group having an alkoxy group at another...     

A novel ester compound exhibiting liquid crystal phases within a broad temperature range and having a low viscosity and a high compatibility with liquid crystal compounds, and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which ester compound is expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein...     

A liquid crystal information storage device comprising a layer of material containing a side chain polymeric liquid crystal. At least a part of the material is heated from a viscous state above its glass transition temperature, to a fluid region in which the liquid crystalline material can readily undergo...     

Nematic liquid crystal phases containing at least one liquid-crystalline compound, which exhibits at least one discotic phase, are suitable for electro-optic display elements with high multiplexing rates.

A novel liquid crystal compound having a large positive dielectric anisotropy value and when added to a liquid crystal composition, forming no deposit in the resulting composition at low temperatures, and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which compound is an alkoxyethoxybenzoic...     

Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sup.2 is a single covalent bond or --COO--; X.sup.1 is a single covalent bond, --COO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or when X.sup.2 is --COO--, X.sup.1 also can be p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --, p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --p--C.sub.6...     

A liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula: R*O--A--R or R*COO--A--R wherein R* stands for an alkyl group having an asymmetric carbon atom, R stands for a linear alkyl group, and A stands for ##STR1##

A liquid crystal compound represented by the formula (I) below or a liquid crystal composition containing the compound is interposed between a pair of base plates. ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1-18 carbon atoms; m is 0 or 1; R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms...     

A liquid crystalline compound of the general formula ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## represents ##STR3## R and R', independently from each other, represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxymethylene group whose alkoxy moiety has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyano group or a halogen atom,...     

In a liquid crystal display device produced by forming an orientation controlling film on each surface of upper and lower substrates having an electrode, placing a liquid crystal composition between said substrates, and then sealing the periphery of the substrate, the response times, particularly those...     

Carbocyclic compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein Q is a benzene or cyclohexane ring or a naphthalene system, X is in each case --CH.sub.2 --(CH.sub.2).sub.p -- wherein it is also possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by --O--, --S--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- or...     

A two frequency addressing liquid crystal composition wherein a plurality of liquid crystal compounds are mixed such that the absolute value of a dielectric anisotropy .DELTA..epsilon.L of the composition, measured at a low frequency 1/10 a cross-over frequency of the composition, is larger than the...     

The preparation and properties of liquid crystal compounds having an achiral core and chiral tail units composed of the 1-cyanoalkoyl grouping (chiral cyanohydrin ethers) are described. The newly made compounds are shown to be useful as components of ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures which exhibit...     

A nematic liquid crystal composition having a notable increase of the twistability (i.e. the reciprocal of the intrinsic helical pitch) with temperature rise is provided, which composition comprises (i) optically active substance(s) which are the same in the helical twist sense to one another and make...     

There is described a liquid crystalline mixture for electro-optical devices which are operated according to the two-frequency matrix addressing procedure. The mixture consists of three components A, B and C, each of which contains one or more compounds. Component A has a viscosity of at most about 40...     

A thermal imaging device uses a compensated cholesteric liquid crystal mixture as its thermo-optic conversion element. The mixture is obtained by mixing two cholesteric liquid crystals, one with a left-handed twist and the other with a right-handed twist. The twists cancel at a compensation temperature,...     

The invention relates to liquid crystal phases (LC phases) having a particularly low threshold voltage, a particularly low ratio K.sub.3 /K.sub.1 of the elastic constants for bending (K.sub.3) and spreading (K.sub.1) and broad nematic phase ranges, these phases containing at the same time at least one...     

A nematic liquid crystal composition whose threshold voltage is scarcely influenced by temperature changes is provided, which composition comprises at least two components at least one of which is a compound expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group...     

A liquid crystal composition includes at least one of specific pyrimidine compounds, and may be used to form a strong dielectric liquid crystal display element.

A liquid crystal composition includes three liquid crystal materials, each selected from specified liquid crystal compounds. The composition has a low threshold voltage and a low viscosity.

An optically active ester compound is provided represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a normal alkyl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms; m is zero or one, n is zero or one, and m+n is one or two; X is --CO--O-- or --O--CO--; p is 3 to 6; Y is a hydrogen atom or...     

Excellent ordering in ferroelectric liquid crystal devices is obtained by utilizing a material having a smectic C phase and no higher temperature orthogonal smetic phases. Ordering is accomplished by the combination of (1) contacting the liquid crystal material in the smectic C phase with an ordering...     

A fluoroalkane derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R denotes an alkyl group having 1-16 carbon atoms, C* denotes an asymmetric carbon atom, R.sup.1 denotes an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1-16 carbon atoms; ##STR2## respectively denote a phenylene group ##STR3## a cyclohexylene group...     

The invention relates to the use of trifluorotoluene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which, in addition, one or more non-neighboring CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --O--CO--O--, --CH-halogen, --CH--CN-and/or...     

Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently of one another are R, OR, OCOR, COOR or OCOOR, is alkyl with 1 to 15 C atoms, wherein one or more CH.sub.2 groups which are not adjacent and are not linked by O can also be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--,...     

The invention relates to a new liquid crystal display element with static or multiplex control with a low multiplex ratio and an operating voltage below 3.3 volts, containing a liquid crystal dielectric, wherein the operating temperature range extends from -30.degree. C. to +80.degree. C. and the viscosity...     

A smectic C liquid crystal mixture having a broad smectic C phase temperature range including room temperature, a ferroelectric smectic C liquid crystal mixture having a large spontaneous polarization, comprising the above smectic C mixture and at least one optically active compound, and a liquid crystal...     

The invention relates to the use of compounds of the formula I R.sup.1 --Q.sup.1 --A--(A.sup.2).sub.q --R.sup.2 I wherein ##STR1## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2 and q have the meaning specified in claim 1, as components of smectic liquid-crystalline phases, and also smectic liquid-crystalline...     

Liquid crystal phases containing components of the formulae I and III ##STR1## have an acceptable combination of threshold steepness, viewing angle and temperature dependence at a low threshold voltage.

2,3-Difluorophenol derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, in each case independently of one another, are an alkyl group having 1 to 15 C atoms in which, in addition, one or two nonadjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --CH.dbd.CH-- and/or --C.tbd.C--; A...     

A compound having ferroelectric liquid crystal properties of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is the residue of a liquid crystal material or a liquid crystal compatible material; X is O or S; n is 0 or 1; Y is any inert group which does not cause the melting point of the compound of Formula I to exceed...     

This invention comprises a liquid crystalline high molecular weight polymer material which comprises the hydrogen bonded reaction product of a non-liquid crystalline polymer having a proton donor and/or a proton acceptor and a low molecular weight compound having bonded in the molecule respectively a...