Piston

A combustion engine with a piston forming the combustion chamber, means for protecting the edge of the opening of the combustion chamber against cracks being arranged so that they only take effect in the peripheral zones of the edge which are adjacent the supporting sides of the piston.

An internal combustion engine of the type in which the combustion space is divided into a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber connected to each other by a communication passage, and an ignition plug and a fuel injection nozzle are provided for the auxiliary combustion chamber...     

A metal article is formed by a sintered body of an austenitic ferrous alloy containing chromium and nickel, the ferrous alloy having been infiltrated with a copper or copper base alloy during or after sintering of the body. When a body of aluminum or aluminum alloy is cast around the metal article, a...     

An improved piston assembly for high-power internal combustion engines such as supercharged diesel engines. The piston includes separate head and skirt portions. An elongated tubular-shaped bearing member having an internal bearing surface and an external journal surface is formed across the bottom of...     

An internal combustion engine includes a rigid wall having a curved surface which forms part of the combustion chamber. The remaining part of the combustion chamber is formed by a flexible curtain whose outer edge is attached and sealed to the rigid wall. The wall and the curtain together form a closed...     

My invention relates to means for and methods of increasing the compression ratio of the cylinders of an overhead valve engine. The means comprises a small plate of metal which is attached to the top face of the piston head. The plates are provided in various sizes so that one size may be selected to...     

A piston such as is used in internal combustion engines, steam engines, gas engines, air engines, pumps, compressors and the like from which the usual piston rings are absent the sealing of the piston being affected by means of right and left hand intersecting helical channels formed on a portion of...     

Powdered fuel charges are injected mechanically into a pocket in the piston during a first half of a compression stroke for subsequent expulsion into the combustion chamber during the second half of the compression stroke. The dosing and ejecting means is mounted in the cylinder wall and includes a plunger...     

An internal combustion engine with greatly reduced emission of pollutants includes a piston having a piston chamber communicating through orifices with the working chamber of the cylinder and an annular balancing chamber communicating with the working chamber through balancing slots when the piston is...     

A combustion chamber for a diesel engine has a secondary chamber, communicating with a precombustion chamber, the secondary chamber consisting of a central channel extending diametrically in the piston crown and having at its discharge end two branches, forming an anchor configuration, which induce turbulence...     

An improved piston assembly for high-power internal combustion engines such as supercharged diesel engines. The piston includes separate head and skirt portions. An elongated bearing member having an external journal surface is formed across the bottom of the piston head. A wrist pin, which is attached...     

An internal combustion engine of reciprocating-piston type with injection of liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon fuel, provided with catalytic means for initiating the combustion of the air/fuel charge in the combustion chamber of the or each cylinder. The major part of the combustion chamber of each cylinder...     

Disclosed herein is apparatus including all of the components present in a conventional internal combustion engine such as body forming cylinder walls that define a primary combustion chamber, a piston reciprocable in the cylinder between compression and power strokes, intake means for introducing fuel...     

An anti-pollution piston construction is disclosed containing at least one storage chamber having inlet orifices contained in the periphery of the cylindrical side wall of the piston adjacent the imperforate piston end wall, said storage chamber being adapted to receive unburnt hydrocarbons during the...     

A piston for an internal combustion engine having a double tapered top land to provide controlled variation in the clearance about the head of the piston. The controlled variation in clearance about the piston head provides a sufficiently sized orifice which prevents the formation of hard carbon and...     

Engine piston arrangements including at least one friction reducing gas bearing recess in a thrust loaded portion of the piston skirt and connected to the space between the top two piston rings to provide blowby gas to pressurize the bearing recess and support at least part of the thrust forces on the...     

A piston includes a plurality of pockets formed in the piston top face and opening through the piston sidewall. An arcuate relief is associated with each pocket and formed in the sidewall to overlap the pocket opening. The depth of the relief is relatively greater than the depth of the pocket.

An internal combustion engine comprising an engine frame having a drive shaft rotatably mounted therein and extending outwardly therefrom. A pair of cylinder sleeves are mounted on the engine frame and have their inner ends positioned within the interior of the frame and their outer ends positioned outwardly...     

An internal combustion engine comprising an engine frame having a drive shaft rotatably mounted therein and extending outwardly therefrom. A pair of cylinder sleeves are mounted on the engine frame and have their inner ends positioned within the interior of the frame and their outer ends positioned outwardly...     

A piston for internal combustion engines, especially Diesel engines, which is equipped with a mantle connecting the piston head with the piston foot and which by means of this foot is pivotally connected to a gudgeon pin bearing of a connecting rod. Within the region of the gudgeon pin bearing there...     

A piston for use in an internal combustion engine providing a variable compression ratio in response to pressure within the combustion chamber. The pistion includes a base portion which is connected to a crank and moves in an engine cylinder. Joined to the base is a head portion which includes a flexible...     

A method of manufacturing a piston for an internal combustion engine in which a cast-in insert comprising a combustion chamber lip and a piston ring carrier joined by radial limbs is secured against loosening in service by spraying metal or cermet into a peripheral groove partially in the ring carrier...     

A piston for an internal combustion engine, having a combustion chamber with an overhanging lip formed by resistant metal insert anchored in the piston by means of members extending from the insert and embedded in the piston material. A portion of the free end of each member is located in a cool portion...     

A piston for internal combustion engines which is cooled by means of splash oil, and in which the piston interior space is closed off by a collecting trough arranged at the lower end of the piston and provided with an opening for the passage of the connecting rod.

A spark-ignited reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine is provided with a combustion chamber subdivided in the top dead center zone into two chambers. These two chambers are separated from one another by overlapping parts of the piston and cylinder and cylinder head when in the top dead center...     

A piston comprising hydrodynamic skirts and crowns, pressure-actuated sealing rings of fixed excursion or balanced by hydrodynamic reactions, or no rings at all, stringent temperature control, ample oil on the cylinder wall even near top-dead-center, characterized by absence of abrasion between piston...     

A two-piece piston includes head and skirt sections having opposed annular recesses to define a continuous peripheral coolant chamber. A transverse coolant conveying channel communicating at opposite ends with the chamber may also be formed in the skirt section to provide cooling for the central portion...     

An improved combustion chamber and piston therefor, for an internal combustion engine of the type having a cylinder block and a cylinder head positioned thereabove and having pistons slideably mounted in suitable hollow cylinders in the cylinder block. The piston has a concave piston head defining a...     

In an engine of the type having opposite side wall portions more or less differing from each other in rigidity, as in a so-called side valve engine, the axis of the piston unit is set at such an angle of inclination relative to the axis of the associated cylinder bore that the two axes substantially...     

In a diesel engine, provided with a turbulence chamber connected to the main combustion chamber by a passage, toroid-shaped recesses are provided on the end surface of the piston adjacent the opening of the passage to guide flame gases emerging from the turbulence chamber.

A compound expanding piston for an internal combustion engine. The piston includes a crown or head and a skirt, with the skirt depending from the crown. A sleeve is provided in telescoping arrangement with the skirt, the sleeve in one embodiment including vertical tabs which extend into corresponding...     

A light-metal piston with parts hard-eloxated to increase their resistance to heat and mechanically reinforced to the depth of the hard eloxation.

A piston having an uncooled annular insert adjoining a main combustion chamber between piston and cylinder cover, combustion cavities arranged in the crown of the piston and an injection passage opening into the combustion cavities wherein, in the zones covered by the annular insert (5), laterally of...     

An internal combustion engine having in the piston crown or cylinder head a combustion chamber in the shape of a body of revolution with a constricted throat. At the end of the compression stroke, the combustion chamber accommodates substantially all of the air for combustion which is imparted a rotation...     

The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising means at cylinder head and piston level for improving combustion while reducing the tendency to knocking and pollution. This engine comprises a double feed system, an intake port for a rich mixture being arranged in a hollow in...     

The piston for use in an internal combustion engine, more especially a diesel engine, is provided with a piston barrel consisting of light metal and a head plate which consists of a metal having a lesser thermal conductivity but a greater high-temperature strength, for example steel. The head plate is...     

The disclosure illustrates an insulated composite piston comprising a crown of ceramic or other heat resistant material secured to an aluminum piston body by a bolt of temperature resistant alloy. A low conductivity interface between the crown and the body is provided by a series of stacked discs having...     

Internal combustion engine pistons are provided with aluminum bodies with highly insulative ceramic inserts cast in place in the upper combustion chamber defining wall. In each of the disclosed embodiments, the ceramic insert has tapered edges to dovetail the insert in place. A fibrous ceramic cushioning...     

A piston for internal combustion engines, of the type having a crown portion and a cylindrical skirt portion in the latter of which are formed thickened portions called bosses having holes for receiving the ends of a gudgeon pin by which the piston is attached to a connecting rod, in which provision...     

An oil cooled diesel engine piston is designed to restrict heat loss from the combustion chamber through provision of a combustion chamber insert defining a central non-oil-cooled chamber and a surrounding annular insulating air gap. The air gap controls heat flow primarily between the combustion gas...     

An oil cooled diesel engine piston is designed to restrict heat loss from the combustion chamber through provision of a combustion chamber insert defining a central non-oil-cooled chamber and a surrounding annular insulating air gap. The air gap controls heat flow primarily between the combustion gas...     

An internal combustion engine comprises a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the...     

A piston for internal combustion engines, especially for motors of the Diesel type. On purpose to reduce the heat diffusion from the piston crown to the piston portion where are fitted the sealing piston rings, provision is made of an internal circular groove intended to reduce the thickness of the connection...     

A technique for improving in an internal combustion engine the coupling of microwave energy to the flame-front of a combusting air-fuel mixture plasma, by shaping the combustion chamber so that the latter accommodates the lowest order "spherical re-entrant" microwave mode (the TM.sub.010.sup.sr mode)....     

A composite piston for internal combustion engines is provided. The base structure of the piston is formed from a fiber-reinforced resin material. Covering the head portion of the base structure and integral therewith is a cap portion formed of a nonflammable material such as metal, metal alloys and...     

A piston mainly composed of an aluminium alloy for use in a cylinder of aluminium alloy. The piston is provided with one or more inserts of ferritic steel. The insert or inserts extend across opposed thrust faces of the piston and form part of the running surface of the piston skirt.

A Diesel engine piston conventionally has an annular conduit, at the level of the uppermost piston ring, through which lubricating oil circulates. The oil enters and leaves the annular conduit through two longitudinal holes in the piston. According to this invention, a branch conduit extends radially...     

A piston for internal combustion engines, preferably made of aluminum or its alloys, having freely suspended piston pin bosses connected by first ribs to the piston head at points of zero moment and by second ribs to the piston skirt. The piston skirt has apertures in register with the bores in the piston...     

An internal combustion engine comprises a piston having first and second coaxial parts movable axially relative to each other in the direction of reciprocation of the piston and having a chamber therebetween which varies in volume with the relative movement. A conduit for fluid connects the chamber to...     

Piston for internal combustion engines having a piston body consisting of light metal and a crown plate consisting of a metal of lower thermal conductivity which is secured axially to the piston body by means of necked-down screws and centered radially in relation to the piston body by means of an annular...     

An internal combustion engine has an oblong piston sliding in an oblong cylinder bore, with the major dimension at right angles to the crank shaft axis. A set of intake valves communicates with the oblong combustion chamber near one end thereof, and a set of exhaust valves communicates with the combustion...     

A compression compensator for an internal combustion engine comprising a flexible disc of high heat resistant spring material is secured to the top of each of the engine pistons. In addition, a spiral spring may be placed between the disc and the piston top to increase the flexibility and resilience...     

A piston for medium-speed internal combustion engines having a ring groove for receiving a compression piston ring. The upper and lower flanks of the ring groove when the engine is cold deviate from a plane-parallel position in relation to the adjoining upper and lower flanks respectively of the ring...     

A piston and cylinder machine, e.g. an engine or pump, in which the cylinder rotates about a first axis from which the cylinder is spaced, and the piston rotates about a second axis inclined to the first with the result that during the rotation, the piston reciprocates relative to the cylinder. Gas flow...     

A reciprocating-piston drive mechanism comprises a reciprocating-piston assembly defining a spherical socket and including a piston body. A connecting rod is arranged for pivoting movement in a plane and has a ball head fitted in the spherical socket. A coupling between the ball head and the piston assembly...     

Internal combustion engine piston of the composite type, having a steel upper portion surmounting an aluminum lower portion in which the piston ring grooves are provided. The lower portion (2) comprises a concentric circular cavity (3), open at the top and recessed from the ring grooves (5), said cavity...     

An engine employing oval pistons and cylinders with dual connecting rods for each piston. The connecting rods are connected to each piston by a common wrist pin and to a composite crankshaft. The crankshaft includes a main bearing between the connecting rods of each of the pistons. It also includes a...     

A piston for internal combustion engines, especially for high-performance internal combustion engines. The piston has several ring grooves for piston rings, and an oil control groove which is provided below the top ring groove, is separated therefrom, and opens only towards the cylinder bore. The land...     

A ceramic cap is attached to a metal piston by means of intermeshing radial flanges. A spring forces the flanges into contact with one another along an annular surface area. Spaces between the flanges allow for movement between the metal and ceramic parts to accommodate differential thermal expansion,...     

A lightweight composite piston is provided to decrease fuel consumption, attenuate noise, and permit increased speed of operation.

A two-cycle, gas-powered engine which is capable of operating over a wide range of loads including those (e.g. idle speed) which have previously caused misfirings in known engines of this type. A specially constructed head and piston assembly and a governor-controlled fuel system are incorporated into...     

Engines, pumps and compressors having one or more pistons mechanically connected to a crankshaft (30; 100; 200) incorporates an eccentric disc (35, 35; 111, 112; 210) skewered by and mounted on a crankshaft crankpin (34; 101; 201-203). The eccentric disc is either a part of the piston (220) or is itself...     

A pneumatic drive has at least one working cylinder composed of a pair of parallel stationary walls and a pair of walls which extend at right angles to the first pair and are movable relative thereto, towards and away from each other. This varies the volumetric content of the cylinder and changes one...     

A pumping or combustion engine having one to four cylindrical or semi-cylindrical chambers formed by at least one flexible sheet attached to a rotor, which sheet and/or rotor contact a plane, rigid plate at both sides thereof, containing inlet and exhaust ports for gases and/or liquids therein, which...     

A diesel engine is provided with extenders or spacers attached to those portions of the cylinder block, cylinder head and piston that define the combustion chamber, the extenders being of substantial axial extent and of low thermal conductivity to insulate the components to which they are attached from...     

A gas bearing supported piston assembly (2) for an internal combustion engine including a piston body (14, 14') and a segmented piston ring (3) arranged to expand to compensate for wear. A piston supporting gas layer (27) is formed between the cylinder walls (8) and the exterior surface of each piston...     

A wrist pin for coupling a connecting rod to a piston in an engine is disclosed. The pin takes the form of a metal tube having a specially designed aperture with an increased surface area in comparison with conventional wrist pins having bores with circular cross section. In the preferred embodiment,...     

The invention relates to a seal for a piston and a cylinder of a double-acting hot gas engine or other applications in which piston rings of plastic materials should be used. A duct having low resistance against gas flow is provided between the high pressure of the seal and the bottom of a groove for...     

A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine is disclosed including a crank shaft housing and a crank shaft connected to a plurality of pistons which reciprocate within the cylinders. The cylinder housing is vertically mounted to the crank shaft housing. A plurality of concentric sleeves are arranged...     

A piston and cylinder are oblong in cross section with the major dimension at right angles to the crankshaft axis. An inlet valve and an exhaust valve are mounted near opposed end portions of the oblong cylinder with a spark plug arranged along the minor centerline, either between the valve or displaced...     

An internal combustion engine having a cylinder 16, a cylinder head 10, and a piston 12 slidably mounted within the cylinder for reciprocating movement towards and away from the cylinder head, together defining a reaction chamber 22. The piston and cylinder head include cooperating structure for inducing...     

Modifications of piston top geometry eliminate the formation of the coherent roll-up vortex characteristic of most engines and dissipatively mix absorbed HC from the cylinder wall with hot gases in the cylinder to reduce unburned HC emissions.

For a piston consisting of an Al-Si alloy having a mean linear grain diameter of the Silicon eutectic of more than 3 .mu.m for combustion engines and provided with a hard-oxidized top, the structure of the base material to be oxidized is subjected to a grain refinement in the depth to be oxidized so...     

The internal combustion engine includes a cylinder block and a cylinder head forming a plurality of cylinders with a piston in each cylinder, a camshaft to open and close intake and exhaust ports, and a crankshaft to enable the piston to move back and forth in a reciprocating motion, wherein the piston...     

A piston includes an insert, such as a piston ring insert or crown insert. In order to prevent the insert springing off the piston body in an axial direction, the insert is so formed with a recess or recesses which interlock with projections on the piston body so that the mechanical interlock between...     

A piston having an evaporation-condensation heat pipe to transfer heat between piston crown and piston skirts. The evaporation-condensation heat pipe is formed as a structure separate from the piston itself, and the two are joined together by a high conductivity adhesive-elastomer bond.

A piston for an internal combustion engine comprises a piston body of aluminium or aluminium alloy and an insert of a ferrous material having a combustion bowl formed therein. The insert is surrounded by the piston body and the outer surface of the insert and the adjacent surface of the piston body are...     

An engine employing oval pistons and cylinders with dual connecting rods for each piston. The connecting rods are connected to each piston by a common wrist pin and to a composite crankshaft. The crankshaft includes a main bearing between the connecting rods of each of the pistons. It also includes a...     

A piston (10) for a diesel engine is formed with a combustion bowl (21) which has a lesser volume until the cylinder pressure reaches that at which fuel ignition takes place. The volume of the combustion bowl is then increased to reduce the maximum pressure in the cylinder. The volume is again decreased...     

Piston for internal combustion engine, such as for a free piston engine, of the type comprising one assembly of two co-axial pistons, the inner cylinder having an external diameter which is substantially less than the inner diameter of the outer cylinder, thus defining a closed annular chamber designed...     

New assembly of cylinder, lightweight piston and piston rings for engines and compressors comprising in a cylinder a reduced weight piston provided with a new simpler piston rings set of a high efficiency producing a very small tension against the cylinder and lighter than the piston rings set known...     

A piston is provided for an internal combustion engine, having a crown portion comprising an upper part and a lower or ring-bearing part which two parts are of different metals welded together. The two metals are chosen to have the same coefficient of expansion but the metal of the upper part of the...     

A small internal combustion engine especially--but not exclusively--for model aircraft is made at an extremely low cost. A crankcase and a fuel tank are made of two casted pieceparts which nest together. The two pieceparts include matching openings which are aligned to provide an air intake and a manifold...     

A ceramic-metal composite laminate capable of exposure to high temperature differentials without damage, consisting of an inner ceramic layer, an outer metal layer and an intermediate interface layer of a low modulus metallic low density structure having a high melting point. The ceramic layer is secured...     

A thermally insulated piston for an internal combustion engine comprises a cast piston with a top wall having an annular recess, a cast iron annular cap in the recess, and a low thermal conductivity honeycomb structure between the cap and the bottom of the recess. The honeycomb structure has a plurality...     

A piston for an engine or motor has a skirt which includes two portions which are urged towards an associated cylinder during the various strokes of the working cycle. Each portion is provided with a bearing surface or surfaces for sliding engagement with the associated cylinder during reciprocation....     

An improved dome-shaped piston head is disclosed characterized by a plurality of channels, depressions, and recesses which enhance the flow of an air-fuel mixture around the piston head in a combustion chamber and the flow of exhaust gases from the chamber. Specifically, the dome-shaped head portion...     

In a split Stirling refrigerator, the dynamic seals about the displacer are virtually dragless clearance seals. The displacer is driven by pressure differential between a working gas and a gas in a spring volume, but the displacer movement is retarded until about peak pressure by forces resulting from...     

A piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a piston body (1) and a crown portion (3) that are connected by anchoring means comprising elongate members (7,23,26,79,80) that extend from the crown portion (3) into the piston body (1) so as to transmit tensile and compressive loads from the crown...     

An improved combustion chamber configuration for a two-cycle engine that improves combustion and running at both idle and high speed. The combustion chamber comprises a first portion that communicates with a spark plug and has a relatively small volume. The first portion communicates with a second larger...     

A mixture-compression internal combustion engine has an auxiliary chamber opening into the combustion space via an injection duct, to which is allocated an ignition unit. In order to provide secure, rapid and large volume ignition of the fuel/air mixture, several auxiliary chambers open into the combustion...     

An internal combustion engine includes a crank shaft having a crank web, a crank pin on one end of the crank web, and a weight on an opposite end of the crank web, a crank case supporting the crank shaft therein, a cylinder, a piston reciprocally fitted in the cylinder, a rod coupled to the piston by...     

A two-stroke diesel or gas fueled multi-cylinder engine utilizes a re-circulating type constant pressure feed lubrication system and is equipped with a supercharger or turbocharger combination connected in series to assist in charging the cylinders with air and also assists in scavenging the exhaust...     

In a cooled composite piston having a cooling passage adjacent to the interface and a method of making same, the upper part consists of forged steel and is formed on its underside with ribs bearing on mating surfaces of the lower part. To improve the resistance to thermal and mechanical stresses, the...     

An internal combustion engine has a cylinder with a porting ring adjacent the cylinder head to reduce the diameter of the cylinder. The piston in the cylinder has a reduced diameter crown portion complementary to the porting ring and an upper face on the crown provided with a small clearance from the...     

A piston for an internal combustion engine is disclosed which comprises a piston main body having an opening in the top surface thereof and a cavity forming member having a combustion chamber form the top surface thereof which is mounted in the opening of the piston main body. The diameter of the cavity...     

A piston for use in the cylinders of internal combustion engines of either spark ignition or compression ignition type. A succession of interrupted ribs, aligned along arcs of increasing radius, stand proud of the piston crown surface to promote turbulence in the unburned charge as the flame spreads...     

In a preferred embodiment, a crosshead piston assembly for four-stroke cycle engines includes a novel piston pin bearing assembly having opposed less than semicylindrical insert bearings retained by engagement of arcuately opposite coplanar edge surfaces with like mating surfaces of respective recesses...     

In a light alloy piston having a convex and oval external shape, the piston skirt has in the cold state a larger running clearance at its top end than at its bottom end. In order to reduce the friction loss of such piston, the piston skirt has a larger ovalness adjacent to the horizontal plane extending...     

A piston is formed in two parts. The main part is formed by gravity die casting from aluminum or aluminum alloy and a second part of the piston is formed by a squeeze casting process to produce a material which is stronger and more resistant than the gravity die cast aluminum or aluminum alloy. At least...