Pyroelectric type

A device which includes proximately disposed electrodes in side-by-side relationship on a surface of a pyroelectric material which electrodes serve to transmit a signal. The electroded surface preferably contains the c-axis, or is parallel to it, and the performance of the detector is determined, apart...     

A sensing device that may be employed as a thermal or stress sensor includes in one embodiment a pair of poled electret layers as sensing mediums for detecting variations in the ambient temperature of the sensor. The electret layers of such embodiment have pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties, but...     

A directional radiation detector having a pyroelectric sensing medium for responding to radiation and a directional screen formed of a panel with a plurality of axial passages that restrict the radiation viewing angle of the detector.

A novel pyroelectric material is provided by doping lead germanate with barium to provide the composition Pb.sub.5-x Ba.sub.x Ge.sub.3 O.sub.11 0<x.ltoreq. 0.5. The material has a pyroelectric coefficient comparable to that of triglycine sulphate (TGS).

Pyroelectric detectors are mounted on a substrate having a plurality of wax-filled cavities. The wax is then dissolved to provide a low thermal loss mounting structure for the detectors.

A pyroelectric-field effect electromagnetic radiation detector is comprised of a semiconductor body having opposed major surfaces. First and second electrodes are spaced apart from each other in ohmic contact with said semiconductor body to form a conductive channel in said body between said electrodes....     

A pyroelectric infrared radiation detection system includes a high density solid state pyroelectric detector array for detecting infrared radiation impinging thereon and for producing signals representing the detected radiation, apparatus for readout of the signals from the detector array, and an optical...     

Radiant energy is converted into electric energy by irradiating a capacitor including an ionic dielectric having a dipole layer only on or near its surface. The dielectric is selected from the group consisting of the rare earth trifluorides and trichlorides, and is preferably lanthanum trifluoride or...     

A pyroelectric detector which includes at least one pyroelectric element consisting of a pyroelectric material sandwiched between first and second electrodes, and a semiconductor chip having a field effect transistor formed on one surface thereof and having an electrical contact for the gate electrode...     

A pyroelectric detector as formed by parylene C polymer film.

The invention provides a thermal camera tube having a reticulated pyroelectric target, that is to say a target having a plurality of separate pyroelectric elements arranged in rows and columns and separated by channels. Each of the separate elements has the shape of a cube the vertical sides of which...     

A radiation detector circuit including a pyroelectric detector element and field effect transistor amplifier means. In order to inhibit saturation of the amplifier means under conditions of large transients in the radiation input or progressive changes in radiation input of low magnitude, at least one...     

The effects of microphonic noise on the output of an array of commonly-mounted pyroelectric detectors are suppressed by contemporaneously adding the signal outputs from all of the detectors, determining the averaged signal, and separately subtracting the averaged signal from each detector output. The...     

An infrared radiation intruder detection system is disclosed which employs a unique pyroelectric detector array. The array comprises a pyroelectric plastic film having electrodes arranged on opposing surfaces to define a plurality of heat-sensitive capacitors connected in parallel. According to a preferred...     

An infrared detector comprising a polymeric pyroelectric device and a field effect transistor as an impedance conversion circuit.

This invention concerns a pyroelectric infrared detector, comprising a substrate and polymeric pyroelectric elements mounted to both surfaces of the substrate, in which the electrode plates on one of the polymeric pyroelectric element are connected electrically to the electrode plates of opposite polarities...     

An intruder detector consists of an element of pyroelectric material having three defined regions; two being active to infra-red radiation and one being relatively inactive to infra-red radiation. The inactive region and one of the active regions are connected together in parallel and the other active...     

A reticulated pyroelectric target, for the detection of infra red radiation, comprising a plurality of closely packed islands of pyroelectric material separated by a plurality of relatively narrow grooves in which in order to physically strengthen the target the islands and grooves are so shaped that...     

A pyroelectric detector array and the method for making it. A series of holes 13 formed through a silicon dioxide layer 12 on the surface of a silicon substrate 11 forms the mounting fixture for the pyroelectric detector array. A series of nontouching strips of indium 14 are formed around the holes 13...     

A mounting means for apparatus useful for processing infrared signals including a pyroelectric detector array with a plurality of detector elements, a plurality of electrically conductive epoxy polymer mounting means having two ends and attached at one end to the detector array to provide individual...     

A pyroelectric detector array and the method for using it. A series of holes 13 formed through a silicon dioxide layer 12 on the surface of a silicon substrate 11 forms the mounting fixture for the pyroelectric detector array. A series of nontouching strips of indium 14 are formed around the holes 13...     

An improved, selective, radiation sensing device is provided which includes a thin strip of pyroelectric material. One side of the material is coated with a continuous layer of metallic material to form an electrode while the opposite side is coated with at least a pair of electrodes and the output of...     

A pyroelectric detector comprising a body of pyroelectric material having a front surface for receiving radiation, a rear surface, a relatively thin coating of radiation absorbing and transmitting and electrically conducting material applied to the entire front surface, and a pair of relatively thicker...     

A pyrodetector is disclosed which has a sharply limited directional range of detection sensitivity for the detection of a body entering into its directional range at a distance from the detector, the body having a temperature which is different from that of its environment. A concave mirror for focusing...     

A bolometric detector comprising an optical immersion lens and a pyroelectric detector element mounted so as to be spaced from the lens. The detector may be mounted spaced from the lens by an air gap, by a foraminous spacer, or by a cement having a low thermal conductivity.

A pyroelectric infrared sensor for use in intrusion alarm systems, including a pyroelectric ceramic element provided with two pairs of electrodes, of which the front electrodes are so configured as to permit a simplified printing process for higher productivity and lower production costs. The front electrodes...     

A dual pyroelectric crystal sensor suitable for infrared intruder alarms and the like having two separate closely spaced identical pyroelectric crystal detectors connected in parallel opposition. The sensor includes a single ended field effect transistor amplifier with the entire sensor encapsulated...     

A compound infrared detector, having a thermopile detector which is constructed on one face of a pyroelectric insulating thin film and a pyroelectric detector which is constructed by installing electrodes on both faces of the insulating thin film in opposite relationship to an infrared ray responsive...     

The photoelectric detector contains a photosensor or light-sensing element of a pyroelectric polymer film interposed by two disturbance-preventive chambers such that the two disturbance-preventive chambers are designed so as to equalize the pressures therein to ambient pressure. The photoelectric detector...     

A pyroelectric detector comprises an element (1) of pyroelectric material that responds to variations with time in the intensity of radiation incident on an operative surface region of the detector much larger than the area of a major face of the element (1). The Noise Equivalent Power of the detector...     

A pyroelectric infrared detector of the dual element type has its two elements connected in parallel but with opposite polarities. The dual elements are arranged such that the detector element outputs may be taken out from only one side of the pyroelectric material used to form the detector. The detector...     

The detector has a pyroelectric element sandwiched between two electrodes which are transparent to the wavelength of radiation to be detected. The pyroelectric element is maintained in spaced relationship to the surface of a header by a pillar and by a lead of a microminiature package which is mounted...     

The invention relates to an ammonium phosphotellurate pyroelectric vidicon and detector. The pyroelectric detector comprises a dielectric material inserted between two parallel electrodes, said material being a monodomain ferroelectric monocrystal having a polaraaxis, wherein the said material is ammonium...     

A pyroelectric detector with an optimized quality factor, having a dielectric material inserted between two parallel electrodes, the material being a monodomain ferroelectric monocrystal. The faces of the monocrystal in contact with the electrodes form an angle differing from 90.degree. with the polar...     

An infrared thermal detector includes an infrared thermal sensing element, a load resistor, and a voltage supply means. The infrared thermal sensing element is a pyroelectric material whose electrical conductivity changes with temperature. The circuit and device parameters are chosen such that the detector...     

Contactlessly operating detectors which are accommodated in a casing provided with a window and which exploit the pyroelectric effect (FIG. 1) are being increasingly used for radiation and temperature measurement. In particular for applications in the infrared range of the spectrum, the manufacture of...     

A thermal detector array includes a substrate layer with a pyroelectric layer attached to the substrate, a plurality of detector regions being defined in the pyroelectric layer by openings through the layer. An array of cavities in the substrate surface separates the detector regions from the surface....     

An infrared radiation detector comprises two differentially connected pyroelectric detector elements in parallel-opposition. The detector elements are formed in a single body of pyroelectric material having two adjacent pairs of overlapping electrodes on opposite major surfaces of the body. The two detector...     

An infrared radiation detector for an intruder alarm has a pyroelectric element comprising a pyroelectric body sandwiched between two electrodes. The element is supported above a header by two leads of a microminiature circuit package. The package is mounted on its back on the header. One lead of the...     

A gas analyzer has a generally cylindrical cell having cell windows closing the opposite ends thereof and which are infrared passing materials and pipes for passing a sample gas through the cell, a source of infrared radiation at one end of the cell, a chopper at the other end of the cell, and a sensing...     

A thermal detector array includes a substrate layer with a pyroelectric layer attached to the substrate, a plurality of detector regions being defined in the pyroelectric layer by openings through the layer. An array of cavities in the substrate surface separates the detector regions from the surface....     

A pyroelectric detector comprising a functional portion in which opposed electrodes 111 to 118 are formed on both surfaces of a pyroelectric type substrate 101 and four light receiving electrode portions a, b, c and d are structured by the opposed electrodes 111 to 118. Among the light receiving electrode...     

A pyroelectric infrared radiation detector which is particularly suited to automated assembly comprises a pyroelectric detector element mounted in a housing having a window transparent to infrared radiation. Electrically conductive leads in a single-in-line configuration extend through a base portion...     

In an infrared sensor having a pyroelectric element and a FET in a high frequency electric field and infrared radiation shielding case, a capacitor is located in the case and connected to at least one of the drain and source electrodes of the FET in order to remove an influence due to an external high-frequency...     

An infrared ray detector comprises an infrared ray detecting member (25), a pair of opposing members (32, 33) each having a plurality of infrared ray transmitting portions (34, 35) and infrared ray non-transmitting portions (36, 37), a pair of vibrators (38, 39) and a driving signal supplying circuit...     

A one-dimensional pyroelectric sensor array comprises (1) a base plate made of a pyroelectric material; a plurality of strip elements made of pyroelectric material having a heat-sensitive region at a free end thereof, each supported only at the other end to the base plate to form an integrated structure...     

A pyroelectric type detecting device including a converging mirror, a pyroelectric type sensor element for detecting light converged by the converging mirror, an amplifier for amplifying an output signal of the sensor element and a casing for accommodating the sensor element and the amplifier. The sensor...     

A light measuring device for a camera, having a pyroelectric sensor for heat ray detection having substantially the same optical axis as that of a light measuring element for spot light measurement, whereby when the sensor detects an object to be photographed, a latch circuit latches the output of said...     

An infrared radiation detector device, for example, for an intruder alarm, comprises two dual detectors. Each dual detector constitutes a separate detection channel and has two pyroelectric detector elements. The detector elements are formed from pyroelectric material with electrodes on opposite surfaces....     

A pyroelectric detector element having defined on a major surface two spaced areas exhibiting radiation absorbing and/or reflecting properties. A mirror-like area comprising a dielectric material is provided in at least part of the space, and preferably extends over all or substantially all of the space,...     

A thermal radiation detector comprises detecting means supported by a flexible film. To improve the absorption of incident radiation by the thermal radiation detector, the detector comprises an electrically resistive layer which is immediately adjacent the flexible film, and to which the detecting means...     

Photometer with at least one measuring beam traversing a space that contains measuring gas is improved by a solid state detector made of a foil which is specifically made of polyvinyl-idene-fluoride or polyvinyl-fluoride or polyvinyl-chloride, and having an area, being at least as large as the cross-sectional...     

A pyroelectric infrared ray detector of the so-called dual structure for detecting an intruder or the like through differential output of two pyroelectric infrared ray detecting elements connected in parallel or series to each other. The infrared ray detector comprises a pair of pyroelectric infrared...     

An input device such as a keyboard or a tablet for input of pattern employing a piezoelectric material/polymer 1-3 composite of the structure in which a number of rods of piezoelectric material are buried in a polymer.

A miniature passive infrared motion detector consists of an optical system, a pyroelectric polymer film and an electronic circuit. The optical system is made of a curved Fresnel lens and an elongated wave guide having a reflective inner surface. The polymer film is also curved with the same radius as...     

A pyroelectric infrared detector or infrared ray receiving element comprising a plurality of pyroelectric operating areas, utilizing one of the operating areas as an infrared radiation detection area having a light-transmissive surface electrode. The electrical signal produced in the signal detection...     

An arrangement for detecting the passage of living beings through a surveillance region into and out of a controlled-access space includes at least one pyroelectric detector device that includes two detector elements which have active areas that are directly exposed to thermal radiation from the surveillance...     

External noise in an infrared sensor for a ceiling type human detector is suppressed by increasing the conductivity between a conductive window and the can and improving the temperature compensation by offsetting any difference in the electromotive force per unit area of the inside and/or outside electrode...     

An arrangement for detecting the passage of living beings into and out of a surveillance region includes optics which concentrate thermal radiation energy from the surveillance region into a detection zone where an active area of a pyroelectric detector is situated and converts the thermal radiation...     

A thermal radiation detector suitable for detecting radiation in a given wavelength range, for example 5 to 15 micrometers, includes a detecting element (10), such as a pyroelectric element, and a structure coupled to the element for improving performance by optimizing the absorption characteristic of...     

An infrared radiation detection device uses a pyroelectric polymer film (10), such as a poled vinylidene fluoride copolymer film, on one surface of which, facing incoming radiation, a front electrically resistive electrode (20) is disposed and on the opposite surface of which a back electrode (21) is...     

A thermal detector comprises a row of thermal detector elements each connected to a common bus line via the gate of a high impedance input preamplifier and a switch. The line output from the bus line is taken across a load resistance providing a common source follower load for the prepamplifiers. The...     

A pyroelectric infrared detector for use in, for example, an intrusion alarming system has a pyroelectric element, a FET for picking up the output of the pyroelectric element, a capacitor connected in parallel to the pyroelectric element, and other circuit parts. These constituent parts are integrally...     

A circuit layout for an infrared space surveillance detector with a sensor and a field effect transistor following the sensor. An operational amplifier with a negative input is connected to the drain electrode of a field effect transistor. The output signal of the operational amplifier is fed back to...     

What is disclosed is a preamplifier used with each pyroelectric detector in an infrared imaging array system. To bias the preamplifiers either a MOSFET transistor is utilized as a switch that is periodically operated to place charge on the gate of the MOSFET preamplifier transistor to maintain it at...     

A thermal detector of the type comprising an array of discrete detector elements each of which is supported by a common supportive layer, each of which is provided in thermal contact with a corresponding collector of radiation absorbent material, the area of each collector being larger than the area...     

A polymer pyroelectric infrared sensor having an improved sensitivity and an improved heat resistance is formed by disposing a pyroelectric film having electrodes for taking out a pyroelectric output on both sides so as to face a window for introducing infrared rays. The pyroelectric film comprises a...     

A pyroelectric sensor circuit arrangement for reducing noise and increasing sensitivity has a main current amplifier with a high feedback resistor connected to receive input from an electrode of a pyroelectric element, and includes a compensation amplifier in a unity gain amplifier configuration connected...     

A pyroelectric ceramic having the composition: ##EQU1## where .phi. is U (uranium) or Mn (manganese) and in which .alpha. is a number substantially within the range 0.01 to 0.10; x is a number substantially within the range 0.10 to 0.25; y is a number substantially within the range 0 to 0.4; z is a number...     

The infrared detector comprises two light receiving elements connected in series in such directions as to oppose the orientations of polarization thereof to each other, a compensating element connected to the connection point between the two light receiving elements in such a direction as to oppose the...     

Each element of an array of infrared detector elements comprises a capacitor formed by a body (11) of pyroelectric or ferroelectric material between a front electrode (14) and a back electrode (12). The elements have individual electrical connections (13) to their back electrode (12) from which there...     

What is disclosed is a preamplifier used with each pyroelectric detector in an infrared imaging array system. The preamplifier transistor is a MOSFET transistor that can operate with zero volts between its source and gate terminals, and the preamplifier is biased either by a nonconducting diode that...     

What is disclosed is a preamplier used with each pyroelectric detector in an infrared imaging array system. To construct each preamplifier and an associated detector in a dense detector array, solid state manufacturing techniques are utilized. To bias the preamplifier either a high bias impedance is...     

An improved passive infrared balanced detector is disclosed that reduces false alarm rates induced from random thermal activity and other causes of splitting of the field(s) of view of the balanced detector into distinct and independent regions. The detector includes balanced elements selectively shaped...     

A composite unipolar-bipolar semiconductor device in which a sourceless field-effect transistor structure is fabricated upon the outer face of one member of a junction diode structure. In some embodiments the gate portion of the sourceless field-effect transistor structure is at least partially transparent...     

Radiation detectors and method measure the emissivity of a remote, heated semiconductor wafer in the presence of ambient radiation. Incident radiation within a selected waveband from a controlled source intermittently radiates the remote wafer, and reflected radiation therefrom is detected in synchronism...     

A pyroelectric infrared sensor composed of at least a pyroelectric element and an FET whose gate is connected to one electrode of the pyroelectric element which are housed in the same package, and a capacitor connected between a source of the FET and a ground connected to the other electrode of the pyroelectric...     

A pyroelectric detector comprises a support member having a tapered through-hole therein, a first polyester film positioned on said support member, across said through-hole, an aluminum foil member located on an opposite side of said polyester film from said support member, a pyroelectric film located...     

A pyroelectric detector comprising a substrate, pyroelectric material distributed in a binder and applied to said substrate, and at least two electrically conductive electrodes, wherein the pyroelectric material comprises lithium tantalate consisting of single crystal particles, said lithium tantalate...     

A pyroelectric film has a pattern of interconnected electrodes formed on one major surface, and a pattern of discrete electrodes and electrically conductive contacts formed on the other major surface. Each discrete electrode is connected to a respective contact by a respective strip of electrically conductive...     

A pyroelectric film has a pattern of inter-connected electrodes formed on one major surface, and a pattern of discrete electrodes formed on the other major surface. Each discrete electrode has an aperature in which is formed a respective electrically conductive pad. The film is supported by pillars connected...     

A thermal radiation detection apparatus has an array of pyroelectric detector devices (10) for receiving radiation from a scene whose outputs, e.g. from associated source followers (12) are supplied via a multiplexer (14) in turn to a processing circuit (20) which is responsive to each detector device...     

A radiation detector, serving as an infrared movement monitor, which is reactive to thermal radiation includes a housing having a window admitting the radiation and optics. The window having a size being coordinated with the angle of coverage of the optics disposed behind it. The optics focussing the...     

A large area pyroelectric joulemeter for measuring the pulsed beam output of a laser. The joulemeter employs a pyroelectric detector element with front and rear conductive surfaces forming electrodes, a relatively massive mounting block with relatively high thermal conductivity and an epoxy adhesive...     

An infrared detector has two infrared detector elements contained in a housing, the housing having a window which is transmissive for infrared radiation, and further electrical components interconnected with the detector elements are also contained in the housing. The housing is formed of a shaped plastic...     

Thermal radiation detection apparatus is provided comprising an array of pyroelectric detectors 1,2,3,4 in which compensation is provided for the effect of ambient temperature changes on the detector outputs and also for d.c. offsets which occur in source follower impedance converters 13 necessarily...     

Materials for infrared transparent, electrically conductive applications such as gate for infrared detectors made of titanium oxynitride (TiN.sub.x O.sub.y), bismuth, and antimony. Titanium oxynitride with resistivity of at least 0.001 .OMEGA.-cm provides sufficient transmittance for infrared detector...     

A pyroelectric sensor senses the infrared rays radiated from the human body and outputs the detected infrared rays as an electric signal. It detects the trespass of somebody on a room and is used for the prevention of crimes and the like. The pyroelectric sensor includes a substrate, an element-pair...     

A thermal imaging device comprises a layer 11 of pyroelectric material, an array of interconnected electrodes 13, and an array of discrete electrodes 15 supported from a substrate 27 by pillars 23 of thermally insulating material. Heaters 17 and associated control electrodes 19 are also provided to reduce...     

A pyroelectric element includes a plurality of electrodes formed on one major surface of a pyroelectric film and constituting a first group and at least one electrode formed on the other major surface of the pyroelectric film and constituting a second group, wherein directions of proximal end portions...     

The invention provides a new low Curie temperature pyroelectric material related sensing devices based on lead titanate doped with various percentages of calcium, lanthanum, bismuth, cobalt and tungsten processed to provide a fine grain structure.

A flame detector that comprises a housing adapted to contain a flame sensor and circuitry for processing signals produced by the sensor; the housing has a predetermined outer diameter, and a thin, highly thermally reflective coating is adhered to an outer surface of the housing to shield the sensor and...     

A pyroelectric film has a pattern of interconnected electrodes formed on one major surface, and a pattern of discrete electrodes and electrically conductive patches formed on the other major surface. The film 21 is supported by pillars connected to the patches, the pillars also producing a path for electrical...     

A radiation detection arrangement is described using a layer of pyroelectric material such as polyvinylidene fluoride positioned between two electrodes. One electrode has a radiation-reflecting front surface and is coated with material having selected radiation absorbing characteristics. This material...     

An infrared sensor operable without cooling and thus usable at room temperature comprises a substrate supporting thin films of pyroelectric material and switched capacitor control circuitry. The control circuitry compares the absolute capacitance of a reference thin film to that of a sensor thin film,...     

A thermal imaging device includes an array of pyroelectric infra-red detector pixels. An array of pillars carries electrical signals between each detector pixel and a respective signal processing circuit formed on a semiconducting substrate. Each circuit is connected to an individual display device carried...     

A passive infrared intrusion detector provides improved intruder detection while using a single signal evaluation channel. Pyroelectric sensor element configurations include a diamond pattern with differentially opposed pairs of elements of opposite polarization connected in series for increased coverage...     

An infrared detecting apparatus which includes an infrared filter which intercepts visible light and transmits infrared rays having at least two infrared detecting elements for receiving infrared rays transmitted through the filter and converting the received infrared rays into an electric signal and...     

A pyroelectric detector using electronic chopping of the detector bias signal to reset the detector. The detector is preferably operated slightly above or below its Curie temperature. Multiplexing of a plurality of electronically-reset detectors is also disclosed.

A thermal imaging device includes an array of pyroelectric detector elements, supported by an array of pillars, the pillars also being effective to enable the passage of electrical signals between the detector elements and an electrical signal processing means. Each pillar is separated from a respective...